7 clinics in Bucharest
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7 clinics specializing in Cardiac surgery, Dentistry, Neurosurgery, Oncology, Orthopedic surgery, Spine surgery, Thoracic surgery, and Vascular surgery in Bucharest.
5
from Gabriel Sonnenfeld
November 26, 2023
Efficient, quick & useful
1
from Rose Dawson
September 13, 2023
One of the worst hospitals in the country. I went here for some blood tests and came out of the office with two broken veins because the nurse was determined to draw blood at any cost regardless of the severe dehydration that I was going through. Fast forward to the week after, I went back to get the results ( you need to go there in person because there's no such thing as getting them via e-mail in 2023!!!!!) I wanted to have a chat with the doctor who saw me thinking that she's going to explain what the results actually mean so that I can take approximate action. Because she wanted to keep the diagnosis a secret from me and talk to my mother this doctor refused to explain my results to me hinting that ' this particular test wasn't within normal limits'. I eventually managed to get my mother out of the office and asked the doctor for clarification and she refused to say a word. I keep wondering what happened to patient confidentiality?! . In the end I would say if you want to know exactly where you stand health wise do not and l mean do not visit this place.
Another thing worth mentioning is that in the midst of a pandemic there is no mandatory face mask rule and everyone is left to move around freely in a highly contaminated building as they keep moving patients back and forth. Worst hospital ever, avoid at all costs if you value your health
5
from Vasiliu George
August 23, 2022
The nephrology section is simply one of the best in eastern europe. The doctors are emphathic, patient, always double checking and well organised. This is the only hospital in Romania i trust 100% and would deffinetly recommend over private care.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Open chest surgery
≈ $9,706
-
Chest wall deformity correction
≈ $4,179
-
Repair of diaphragmatic hernia
≈ $1,058
-
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)
≈ $13,698
-
Hemicolectomy
≈ $6,935
-
Rectum anterior resection
≈ $4,309
-
Radical cystectomy
≈ $9,464
-
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT)
≈ $2,143
-
Radical nephrectomy
≈ $6,939
3.8
5 reviews
5
from Gabriel Sonnenfeld
November 26, 2023
Efficient, quick & useful
1
from Rose Dawson
September 13, 2023
One of the worst hospitals in the country. I went here for some blood tests and came out of the office with two broken veins because the nurse was determined to draw blood at any cost regardless of the severe dehydration that I was going through. Fast forward to the week after, I went back to get the results ( you need to go there in person because there's no such thing as getting them via e-mail in 2023!!!!!) I wanted to have a chat with the doctor who saw me thinking that she's going to explain what the results actually mean so that I can take approximate action. Because she wanted to keep the diagnosis a secret from me and talk to my mother this doctor refused to explain my results to me hinting that ' this particular test wasn't within normal limits'. I eventually managed to get my mother out of the office and asked the doctor for clarification and she refused to say a word. I keep wondering what happened to patient confidentiality?! . In the end I would say if you want to know exactly where you stand health wise do not and l mean do not visit this place.
Another thing worth mentioning is that in the midst of a pandemic there is no mandatory face mask rule and everyone is left to move around freely in a highly contaminated building as they keep moving patients back and forth. Worst hospital ever, avoid at all costs if you value your health
5
from Vasiliu George
August 23, 2022
The nephrology section is simply one of the best in eastern europe. The doctors are emphathic, patient, always double checking and well organised. This is the only hospital in Romania i trust 100% and would deffinetly recommend over private care.
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Oncology
Our mission is to provide a quality medical act, in a safe and comfortable environment, so that patients can benefit from the best care. The
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1
from Robert Dragan
April 14, 2023
if you have an emergency, run away from this place, they are the worst people, the doctor on the ambulance who got us there was begging them to accept a patient who had a big cardiac problem and the doctors from this place sent him away, later that night he had a big cardiac crysis and almost died, we went to another hospital who immediately put him in ICU, wondering how the other hospital could do this.
These people can't treat a sore throat, or our patient arived there before our envelope of money for the doctors did.
1
from Thomas Ariesan
February 11, 2020
1hr waiting and still counting...
5
from Alexandru Rusin
January 29, 2020
The best cardiovascular diseases center in Romania.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Catheter cardiac ablation
≈ $7,565
-
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
≈ $11,433
-
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent insertion
≈ $2,108
-
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
≈ $8,259
-
Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery
≈ $10,891
-
Cardiac catheterization
≈ $1,528
-
Percutaneous ASD closure
≈ $6,581
-
Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
≈ $6,406
-
Heart valve replacement
≈ $17,101
4.0
5 reviews
1
from Robert Dragan
April 14, 2023
if you have an emergency, run away from this place, they are the worst people, the doctor on the ambulance who got us there was begging them to accept a patient who had a big cardiac problem and the doctors from this place sent him away, later that night he had a big cardiac crysis and almost died, we went to another hospital who immediately put him in ICU, wondering how the other hospital could do this.
These people can't treat a sore throat, or our patient arived there before our envelope of money for the doctors did.
1
from Thomas Ariesan
February 11, 2020
1hr waiting and still counting...
5
from Alexandru Rusin
January 29, 2020
The best cardiovascular diseases center in Romania.
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery
The hospital employs staff with high professional and scientific training, which follows the latest modern technologies and has modern technical equipment. It is planned to
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1
from Mircea Popescu
October 16, 2023
Reception and communication is terrible, I had to wait for an emergency for more than 2.5 hours because the reception clerk forgot to register me, TWO TIMES.
5
from Dan Stancu
September 13, 2023
Ok!
5
from DUMITRASCU VASILE
July 27, 2021
Wxcellent Hoslital, one of the best in Romania, as well as from Bucharest. Very clean, tidy, professional doctors and nurses.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Arteriovenous (AV) fistula surgery
≈ $598
-
Endovascular thrombectomy
≈ $3,162
-
Varicose veins treatment
≈ $2,914
-
Unilateral varicose veins surgery
≈ $1,678
-
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for varicose veins (Unilateral)
≈ $1,304
-
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose vein (Unilateral)
≈ $1,436
-
Varicose vein stripping (Unilateral)
≈ $2,052
-
Phlebectomy (including mini-phleboctomy)
≈ $1,188
-
Catheter-directed sclerotherapy (CDS) (Unilateral)
≈ $407
3.6
5 reviews
1
from Mircea Popescu
October 16, 2023
Reception and communication is terrible, I had to wait for an emergency for more than 2.5 hours because the reception clerk forgot to register me, TWO TIMES.
5
from Dan Stancu
September 13, 2023
Ok!
5
from DUMITRASCU VASILE
July 27, 2021
Wxcellent Hoslital, one of the best in Romania, as well as from Bucharest. Very clean, tidy, professional doctors and nurses.
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: French, German
Life Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in the MedLife portfolio that brings together on an area of 1,400 square meters a modern operating block
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Prices for popular procedures:
-
Coronary catheterization
≈ $1,230
-
Pneumonectomy
≈ $6,155
-
Atypical resections of the lung
≈ $4,020
-
Thoracoscopic lung resection
≈ $3,775
-
Wedge resection
≈ $6,280
-
Brain tumors surgery
≈ $8,327
-
Endoscopic pituitary surgery
≈ $8,074
-
Brain shunt surgery
≈ $5,083
-
Surgical neurolysis
≈ $2,923
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
The Institute of Oncology within the "Policlinico di Monza" Group seeks to provide all the necessary conditions for the patient to successfully treat the oncological
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5
from Lorena Vaduva
May 29, 2023
I've been a client of Velvet Dental for more than 3 years so far, and comparing it to other clinics in Bucharest, I can confirm this is the best. The doctors are very well prepared; they also participate in international conferences so that they keep up not with the Kardashians but with the latest technologies and procedures. I appreciate the fact that they always explain what they are going to do regarding the intervention needed and why it is needed. I've had several issues with the molars, and the doctors, Georgiana Elefterie and Horia Neaga, have done everything to save them. The extraction of only one of them has been the last solution, and only after multiple interventions. Regarding the dental implants, I had one put in another clinic in the Primaverii area of Bucharest, and unfortunately, it had to be removed. I recommend Dr. Radu Colteanu for dental implants. Besides that, the place itself is very cozy, the colors are warm and they combine naturally, and everything has been designed so that the customer feels comfortable and in a friendly atmosphere, starting from the yellow bicycle in front of the clinic.
1
from Vlad
March 27, 2023
I went and saw doctor Adrian Negrila.
I had a small esthetic filling that had fallen off. It took less than 5 minutes to put in a new one with no drilling necessary since there was no cavity.
The cost was 400 lei which seems a bit expensive but that's not what upset me.
He told me I needed a teeth cleaning which I agreed to. I've never had a teeth cleaning done that fast or painfully.
I've also never had my gums bleed as much and hurt so bad after a teeth cleaning. There was too much force used and not enough care to protect and avoid my gums.
Used a little mirror when I got home and there's cuts in my gums and not all dirty stains removed.
2
from Eugen Popescu
May 22, 2022
This review reflects the orthodontic department represented, in my interactions, by Dr. Georgiana Stanescu, the rest of Velvet Dent staff is on point and should not be linked to this.
My experience with Velvet Dent was at its core targeting orthodontic treatment for impacted canines - braces, exposure, bracketing and descent.
After quite several interactions and planned actions Dr. Stanescu gave me a disturbing sense of unprofessionalism, forgetting the course of action one session over the next, being late at appointments (20-30 mins) even though i booked at opening hours, mentioning conflicting and disjointed solutions and last but not least, failing to solve my problem.
All of this was mentioned to the staff, confronted and properly explained, yet, however unfortunate, it did not improve the course of action, forcing me to switch to another Dental Clinic.
In short, i was not bothered by the impossibility of fixing my problem, the truly disappointing part came from how this was treated, the wasted time, failure of execution and the saddening reality of a not caring doctor.
Hopefully, this will be addressed,
Thank you
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Dental CT
$66 - $79
-
Dental hygiene
$40 - $66
-
In-office teeth whitening
$236 - $418
-
Professional home teeth whitening
$54
-
Tooth restoration
$75 - $100
-
Root canal treatment (per canal)
$158
-
Implant crown
$498 - $522
-
Porcelain veneers
$522
-
Removable full denture
$444 - $1,827
4.1
5 reviews
5
from Lorena Vaduva
May 29, 2023
I've been a client of Velvet Dental for more than 3 years so far, and comparing it to other clinics in Bucharest, I can confirm this is the best. The doctors are very well prepared; they also participate in international conferences so that they keep up not with the Kardashians but with the latest technologies and procedures. I appreciate the fact that they always explain what they are going to do regarding the intervention needed and why it is needed. I've had several issues with the molars, and the doctors, Georgiana Elefterie and Horia Neaga, have done everything to save them. The extraction of only one of them has been the last solution, and only after multiple interventions. Regarding the dental implants, I had one put in another clinic in the Primaverii area of Bucharest, and unfortunately, it had to be removed. I recommend Dr. Radu Colteanu for dental implants. Besides that, the place itself is very cozy, the colors are warm and they combine naturally, and everything has been designed so that the customer feels comfortable and in a friendly atmosphere, starting from the yellow bicycle in front of the clinic.
1
from Vlad
March 27, 2023
I went and saw doctor Adrian Negrila.
I had a small esthetic filling that had fallen off. It took less than 5 minutes to put in a new one with no drilling necessary since there was no cavity.
The cost was 400 lei which seems a bit expensive but that's not what upset me.
He told me I needed a teeth cleaning which I agreed to. I've never had a teeth cleaning done that fast or painfully.
I've also never had my gums bleed as much and hurt so bad after a teeth cleaning. There was too much force used and not enough care to protect and avoid my gums.
Used a little mirror when I got home and there's cuts in my gums and not all dirty stains removed.
2
from Eugen Popescu
May 22, 2022
This review reflects the orthodontic department represented, in my interactions, by Dr. Georgiana Stanescu, the rest of Velvet Dent staff is on point and should not be linked to this.
My experience with Velvet Dent was at its core targeting orthodontic treatment for impacted canines - braces, exposure, bracketing and descent.
After quite several interactions and planned actions Dr. Stanescu gave me a disturbing sense of unprofessionalism, forgetting the course of action one session over the next, being late at appointments (20-30 mins) even though i booked at opening hours, mentioning conflicting and disjointed solutions and last but not least, failing to solve my problem.
All of this was mentioned to the staff, confronted and properly explained, yet, however unfortunate, it did not improve the course of action, forcing me to switch to another Dental Clinic.
In short, i was not bothered by the impossibility of fixing my problem, the truly disappointing part came from how this was treated, the wasted time, failure of execution and the saddening reality of a not caring doctor.
Hopefully, this will be addressed,
Thank you
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Dentistry
From the moment you enter our clinic , it is our top priority to ensure your comfort. The quality of our dental services is
read more
5
from Hector Hermoso
March 03, 2023
My experience has been incredible from the first moment I contacted Dr. Raphael and arrive at the clinic. All the staff have been very professional. The result has been wonderful. If you are thinking of changing your smile, this is your place.
5
from Estelle Anaïs
October 12, 2022
Superb clinic. I had veneers, crowns and whitening done and the final result was beyond my expectations. Extremely natural ! Dr. Zeed listened to each of my requests and needs, and was very patient. He made an excellent work ! The same goes for Dr. Iuliana who provided excellent care with patience. Very important point: I had no pain, no potential infection, no bleeding. Everything is perfect! Hygiene measures are all applied and the clinic and the tools used are extremely clean. I highly recommend this dental clinic. I am very satisfied. Trust Dr. Zeed and Dr. Iuliana, they are magicians!
5
from ana Vasilie
August 24, 2022
ZEEDENT CLINIC - The best clinic in Romania and around the world ! Few years ago we have searched for a dental clinic for implant and cosmetic dental and all the best online reviews catch our attention to Doctor Rafael Zeed . It was the best decision we have ever made after we have decided to travel all the way from Australia . We have find the clinic very modern and the staff was very professional and friendly ,the prices very affordable . Dr Rafael Zeed - we can give the top score and above for his art work and professionalism ...it was amazing , definitely has meet our high expectation !! We can highly recommend it to all customers from Romania and all around the world !
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Porcelain veneers
$449
-
Dental crown
$256 - $449
-
Tooth extraction
from $79
-
Wisdom tooth extraction
from $158
-
Dental implant surgery
$641 - $1,280
-
All-on-4 dental implants
$6,393
-
All-on-6 dental implants
$9,590
-
Metal braces (both arches)
$1,045
-
Clear braces (both arches)
$1,566
4.6
5 reviews
5
from Hector Hermoso
March 03, 2023
My experience has been incredible from the first moment I contacted Dr. Raphael and arrive at the clinic. All the staff have been very professional. The result has been wonderful. If you are thinking of changing your smile, this is your place.
5
from Estelle Anaïs
October 12, 2022
Superb clinic. I had veneers, crowns and whitening done and the final result was beyond my expectations. Extremely natural ! Dr. Zeed listened to each of my requests and needs, and was very patient. He made an excellent work ! The same goes for Dr. Iuliana who provided excellent care with patience. Very important point: I had no pain, no potential infection, no bleeding. Everything is perfect! Hygiene measures are all applied and the clinic and the tools used are extremely clean. I highly recommend this dental clinic. I am very satisfied. Trust Dr. Zeed and Dr. Iuliana, they are magicians!
5
from ana Vasilie
August 24, 2022
ZEEDENT CLINIC - The best clinic in Romania and around the world ! Few years ago we have searched for a dental clinic for implant and cosmetic dental and all the best online reviews catch our attention to Doctor Rafael Zeed . It was the best decision we have ever made after we have decided to travel all the way from Australia . We have find the clinic very modern and the staff was very professional and friendly ,the prices very affordable . Dr Rafael Zeed - we can give the top score and above for his art work and professionalism ...it was amazing , definitely has meet our high expectation !! We can highly recommend it to all customers from Romania and all around the world !
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Dentistry
The objective of our clinic is to provide patients with the best conditions and the most qualitative treatments covering the entire area of dentistry, relying
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5
from Calina Bogasiu
October 31, 2023
I always travel back to Bucharest to get all my dental work done at Dent Estet and I have the best experience! I had amazing patient care but most importantly pain free treatments, both for my regular hygiene routine and most recent cavity treatment. Dr Ionut Zaharii did a great job and was kind enough to explain other possible issues to address in the future. Also, you can get any kind of investigation on site, making it an all inclusive service. Loved it!
5
from J. Cosmin
October 18, 2023
I'm thrilled to share my extraordinary experience with Dent Estet, a dental clinic that that left an indelible impression on me. After extensive research, I scheduled a 24 hour dental implant during my trip to Romania and I'm profoundly grateful for my decision.
From my very first contact with the clinic, Alina Paun provided exceptional customer service. She expertly guided me through the entire process, leaving me with unwavering confidence in my choice. She paired me with the exceptional Dr. Alice Gavrilescu, whose skills and artistry are nothing short of remarkable. Not only did she ensure my implant was executed flawlessly, but she also thoughtfully accommodated my schedule for other necessary dental procedures. Her extraordinary kindness shined through when she scheduled me for a cleaning with Cătălin Eremie, which turned out to be the best cleaning ever, a root canal that was masterfully performed by Dr. Erika Vasilescu and impeccable fillings by Dr. Ionuț Zaharii.
The entire team operates at the highest echelons of professionalism, consistently surpassing every expectation I held. They managed to transform what is typically a daunting and nerve-wracking experience into one that was not only comfortable but genuinely pleasant. Their expertise and advanced technology far exceeded anything I had encountered in Los Angeles and dental offices in California. Best of all, this world-class quality of service comes at a fraction of the cost.
What struck me most was Dr. Alice Gavrilescu's dedication to her patients. As a true virtuoso, she went above and beyond, even sacrificing her personal time on a day off to ensure my final crown met the highest standards of perfection. This level of commitment, care, and willingness to go the extra mile is what sets Dent Estet apart.
I can't thank everyone enough for their commitment to excellence and for making this dental adventure genuinely enjoyable. With such exceptional service, I have not only found a reliable dental clinic but also countless reasons to return in the future. Hats off for setting the bar so high.
5
from Dragos
September 28, 2023
I have been receiving extensive dental work from Dr. Ioana Stan, and I must say that I am incredibly impressed with her exceptional skills and professionalism. Throughout the entire process, she has consistently delivered outstanding results, and I have complete confidence in her ability to continue doing so in the future. Dr. Ioana Stan is not only highly knowledgeable but also takes the time to thoroughly explain everything to me in detail. I trust her completely to do a great job, and I would highly recommend her to anyone looking for a skilled and caring dentist.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Tooth extraction
$54 - $79
-
Wisdom tooth extraction
$131 - $224
-
Dental implant surgery
$965 - $1,442
-
All-on-4 dental implants
$6,562 - $8,105
-
Sinus lift surgery
$722 - $902
-
Lingual frenectomy
$119 - $158
-
Implant crown
$602 - $653
-
Porcelain veneers
$549
-
Dental crown
$275 - $653
4.6
5 reviews
5
from Calina Bogasiu
October 31, 2023
I always travel back to Bucharest to get all my dental work done at Dent Estet and I have the best experience! I had amazing patient care but most importantly pain free treatments, both for my regular hygiene routine and most recent cavity treatment. Dr Ionut Zaharii did a great job and was kind enough to explain other possible issues to address in the future. Also, you can get any kind of investigation on site, making it an all inclusive service. Loved it!
5
from J. Cosmin
October 18, 2023
I'm thrilled to share my extraordinary experience with Dent Estet, a dental clinic that that left an indelible impression on me. After extensive research, I scheduled a 24 hour dental implant during my trip to Romania and I'm profoundly grateful for my decision.
From my very first contact with the clinic, Alina Paun provided exceptional customer service. She expertly guided me through the entire process, leaving me with unwavering confidence in my choice. She paired me with the exceptional Dr. Alice Gavrilescu, whose skills and artistry are nothing short of remarkable. Not only did she ensure my implant was executed flawlessly, but she also thoughtfully accommodated my schedule for other necessary dental procedures. Her extraordinary kindness shined through when she scheduled me for a cleaning with Cătălin Eremie, which turned out to be the best cleaning ever, a root canal that was masterfully performed by Dr. Erika Vasilescu and impeccable fillings by Dr. Ionuț Zaharii.
The entire team operates at the highest echelons of professionalism, consistently surpassing every expectation I held. They managed to transform what is typically a daunting and nerve-wracking experience into one that was not only comfortable but genuinely pleasant. Their expertise and advanced technology far exceeded anything I had encountered in Los Angeles and dental offices in California. Best of all, this world-class quality of service comes at a fraction of the cost.
What struck me most was Dr. Alice Gavrilescu's dedication to her patients. As a true virtuoso, she went above and beyond, even sacrificing her personal time on a day off to ensure my final crown met the highest standards of perfection. This level of commitment, care, and willingness to go the extra mile is what sets Dent Estet apart.
I can't thank everyone enough for their commitment to excellence and for making this dental adventure genuinely enjoyable. With such exceptional service, I have not only found a reliable dental clinic but also countless reasons to return in the future. Hats off for setting the bar so high.
5
from Dragos
September 28, 2023
I have been receiving extensive dental work from Dr. Ioana Stan, and I must say that I am incredibly impressed with her exceptional skills and professionalism. Throughout the entire process, she has consistently delivered outstanding results, and I have complete confidence in her ability to continue doing so in the future. Dr. Ioana Stan is not only highly knowledgeable but also takes the time to thoroughly explain everything to me in detail. I trust her completely to do a great job, and I would highly recommend her to anyone looking for a skilled and caring dentist.
Bucharest, Romania
Specializations: Dentistry
The first DENT ESTET dental clinic was inaugurated in Bucharest in April 1999 by Dr. Oana Taban, who had the vision to offer patients access
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Clinics grouping by rating
Clinic with the highest rating of 4.6 — Dent Estet, Bucharest in Bucharest, Romania and 1 more, clinic with the most reviews number of 509 — Institutul Clinic Fundeni in Bucharest, Romania.
With rating from 3.0 to 3.9 — 2 clinics.
With rating 4.0 and over — 4 clinics .
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Procedures
Diseases
- Aortoiliac allografting ≈ $10,805
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) embolization ≈ $7,479
- Balloon angioplasty and stenting of aorta coarctation ≈ $8,139
- Bilateral varicose veins surgery ≈ $2,064
- Brain shunt surgery ≈ $5,083
- Bronchoplastic surgery ≈ $4,366
- CAD/CAM crown $275 - $653
- Cardiac catheterization ≈ $1,528
- Carotid and intracerebral thrombolysis ≈ $9,550
- Carotid angioplasty and stenting ≈ $3,352
- Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) ≈ $4,025
- Catheter embolization ≈ $2,443
- Ceramic crown $385 - $549
- Chest wall deformity correction ≈ $4,179
- Cholecystectomy ≈ $2,011
- Coarctectomy in children ≈ $8,092
- Coil embolization of intracardiac shunts and fistulas ≈ $2,507
- Composite fixed bridge on implants ≈ $4,356
- Corpus callosotomy ≈ $4,283
- Craniofacial surgery ≈ $4,106
- Abnormal tooth wear
- Achilles tendon injury
- Acute limb ischemia
- Ankle fracture
- Ankle rheumatoid arthritis
- Ankyloglossia
- Aortic valve insufficiency
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD)
- Arterial embolism
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
- Atlantoaxial joint fracture
- Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
- Bell's palsy
- Benign bone tumor
- Benign lung tumor
- Benign oral mucosal disease
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Bone cancer
- Brachiocephalic occlusive disease