Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation in 202 Cardiac surgery clinics in Asia

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202 clinics specializing in Cardiac surgery providing Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation Ventricular assist device implantation is a surgical procedure that involves implanting a mechanical pump device into the heart to help it pump blood to the body. LVAD assists the left ventricle, RVAD assists the right ventricle, and BVAD assists both ventricles.
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procedure in Asia.

Bahrain · 1
China · 4
India · 38
Indonesia · 12
Israel · 13
Japan · 13
Jordan · 4
Lebanon · 1
Malaysia · 12
Oman · 3
Singapore · 4
Sri Lanka · 5
Taiwan · 3
Thailand · 12
Turkey · 26
Vietnam · 4
You can select a specific country
Azerbaijan · 3 Bahrain · 1 Bangladesh · 7 China · 4 India · 38 Indonesia · 12 Israel · 13 Japan · 13 Jordan · 4 Kazakhstan · 4 Lebanon · 1 Malaysia · 12 Oman · 3 Philippines · 5 Saudi Arabia · 5 Singapore · 4 South Korea · 14 Sri Lanka · 5 Taiwan · 3 Thailand · 12 Turkey · 26 United Arab Emirates · 9 Vietnam · 4
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Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $3,359
  2. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $21,396
  3. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $39,573
  4. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $14,390
  5. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $39,782
  6. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $48,876
photo
Tokyo, Japan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Chinese, English, Vietnamese
Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, National Research and Development Agency. Center Hospital of NCGM provides optimum comprehensive healthcare in read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $8,089
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $2,201
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $86,058
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $10,361
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $41,999
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $54,667
photo
Seoul, South Korea
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Japanese, Mongolian, Russian
Severance Hospital was thecountry’s first western-stylehospital named Chejungwon. Severance Hospital, founded in 1885 by Dr. H. N. Allen, was the country’s first western-style hospital named read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $8,089
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $2,201
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $86,058
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $10,361
  5. Combined heart-lung transplantation
    by request
  6. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $56,032
photo
Seoul, South Korea
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Japanese, Russian
Gangnam Severance Hospital was opened in 1983 by Yonsei University Health System to expand its medical business and establish a stronghold for healthcare delivery in read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $8,089
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $2,201
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $86,058
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $10,361
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $41,999
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $54,667
photo
Yongin-si, South Korea
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Japanese, Mongolian, Russian
Yongin Severance Hospital provides safe and high-quality medical services through an efficient system of digital innovation. We pursue a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, under which read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,379
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $3,359
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,783
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $21,396
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $39,573
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $10,723
photo
Kyoto, Japan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Kyoto University Hospital was established in 1899, we have a 120-year history. We are committed to providing safe, relief medical care based on this three read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,379
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $3,359
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,783
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $21,396
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $39,573
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $10,723
photo
Musashino, Japan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
It has been 70 years since our hospital was established in Musashino City, Tokyo as a hospital of love. Even now, it is a rare read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $5,175
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $3,485
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $6,439
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $27,194
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $36,250
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $20,872
photo
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English
Mediclinic Airport Road Hospital was established in 2008 and provides a wide range of inpatient and outpatient services including a 24-hour Emergency department. This Joint read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $22,691
  2. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $22,083
  3. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $23,736
  4. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $25,816
  5. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $22,857
  6. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $52,482
photo
Keelung City, Taiwan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Chinese, English
The hospital is the only hospital in Keelung City and the Northeast region with severe emergency medical capabilities. In addition to protecting the health and read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $3,092
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,472
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,599
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $13,855
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $22,377
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $9,141
photo
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English
Prince Court Medical Centre is a 270-bed private healthcare facility located in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Our aim is to be the leading read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $9,769
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $13,312
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $104,347
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $10,363
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $43,057
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $61,294
photo
Singapore, Singapore
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English
Located next to Singapore Botanic Gardens and close to the heart of the local shopping district, Gleneagles Hospital provides specialist, diagnostic and imaging services. This read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $2,594
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $2,613
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $12,518
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,740
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $8,819
photo
Istanbul, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, which was put into service in 2009, within the scope of the expansion project completed in 2018; With the addition of a read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  2. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $14,700
  3. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $18,165
  4. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $8,400
  5. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $12,000
  6. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $18,984
photo
Istanbul, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English
Acıbadem Fulya Hospital has been providing services in all branches of medicine in Beşiktaş, one of the most densely populated areas of Istanbul, since 2010. read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  2. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $12,518
  3. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,740
  4. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $8,819
  5. Management of ICD system
    ≈ $793
  6. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (ICD)
    by request
photo
Istanbul, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Medicana Ataşehir Hosptial, which will be one of the most important healthcare centers not only in Turkey but also in Europe, is planned to deliver read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  2. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $33,027
  3. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $12,518
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,740
  5. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $8,819
  6. Management of ICD system
    ≈ $793
photo
Ankara, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Providing world-class health services since 2008, Medicana International Ankara Hospital is one of the most important investments in the health sector, which has managed read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  2. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $33,027
  3. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $12,518
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,740
  5. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $8,819
  6. Management of ICD system
    ≈ $793
photo
Istanbul, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, English, Kurdish, Russian, Somali
Medicana International Istanbul has an indoor area of 30,000 m2. It consists of two linked departments, including inpatient floors and outpatient floors. Our hospital was read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $8,089
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $2,201
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $86,058
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $10,361
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $41,999
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $54,667
photo
Seoul, South Korea
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Mongolian, Russian
Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital is the only women's medical school affiliated in Korea and has been loved by customers through continuous innovation activities based read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $8,089
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $2,201
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $86,058
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $10,361
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $41,999
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $54,667
photo
Seoul, South Korea
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, English, Russian
Starting with Jejungwon, Korea's first national hospital in 1885, it has opened a new horizon for advanced medicine in Korea, a barren land of read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $2,594
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $2,613
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $12,518
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,740
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $8,819
photo
Istanbul, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, English, German, Russian
Lokman Hekim Health Group carried its quarter-century of experience in health care to Istanbul after Ankara and Van. Providing service with three hospitals and a read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $2,594
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,755
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $2,613
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $14,700
  5. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $18,165
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $8,400
photo
Ankara, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, English, German, Russian, Turkish
As of 01.08.2016, it started to provide health services as an 11-storey hospital building established on an indoor area of ​​approximately 18.000 m2 in the read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,100
  2. Coronary catheterization
    $12,055 - $19,840
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $12,628
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    $28,875 - $39,775
  5. Heart valve replacement
    $37,375 - $44,675
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $72,659
photo
Beersheba, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Soroka University Medical Center of the Clalit group, is the third largest hospital in Israel and the only one in the Negev, which covers 60% read more

Procedure price distribution in Asia

Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation:

$136.3 K This price found in Kazakhstan, Astana
$136.3 K This price found in Kazakhstan, Astana
Minimum Average Maximum

Procedure prices in popular countries:

Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation:

China by request in 4 clinics
Germany by request in 26 clinics
Israel by request in 13 clinics
Turkey by request in 26 clinics
United States by request in 15 clinics

Countries with the highest number of clinics offering the procedures treatment:

Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation:

Clinics grouping by rating

Clinic with the highest rating of 5 — Gangnam Severance Hospital in Seoul, South Korea and 2 more, clinic with the most reviews number of 35757 — Aster CMI hospital in Bengaluru, India.

With rating 4.0 and over — 107 clinics .

What you should know about chronic heart failure?

Classification, staging of CHF

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a fairly common pathology that can significantly reduce the patient's quality of life. Below we will analyze in detail the classification and staging of CHF for a better understanding of medical documentation and the patient's condition.

What is heart failure (CHF)?

In this disease, due to various possible causes, the blood moves through the heart and body more slowly, and the pressure in the heart chambers increases. As a result, the vessels do not carry enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the needs of the body. Thus, heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that it does not work as efficiently as under normal conditions.

To maintain normal blood flow, the walls of the chambers of the heart can change, that is, stretch and thicken, and the kidneys can retain fluid and ions in the body to a greater extent.

How is the pathology of the pumping function of the heart determined?

For this, a concept such as ejection fraction (EF) is used, which is determined during an echocardiogram. EF is used to measure how well the heart is pumping blood with each beat and helps determine if systolic or diastolic dysfunction is present.

What classifications of CHF exist?

Physicians have developed several different classifications of this pathology, but the following three are most often used:

  1. Determination of the functional class in accordance with the classification of the New York Heart Association.
  2. Clinical staging according to Strazhesko and Vasilenko.
  3. Determination of the variant of heart failure:
    • with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction less 40%);
    • with normal systolic function of the left ventricle (ejection fraction over 40%).

Less often, right ventricular and left ventricular failure, as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunction, are distinguished.

New York Heart Association (NYHA) Clinical Classification of Heart Failure

This division categorizes people into classes I-II-III-IV depending on the severity of symptoms or functional limitations (functional classes).

| Class I | Physical activity is not impaired, and the patient does not experience unusual fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, or pain with daily habitual activities |
| Class II | Minor restrictions in normal activities. At this stage, the person already has mild fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, or pain during normal activities, but no symptoms at rest |
| Class III | Severe limitation of normal activities. The patient has severe fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, or pain even during minimal exercise. There are no symptoms at rest |
| Class IV | The patient is uncomfortable even at rest. Discomfort increases with any physical activity |

Classification of heart failure according to Strazhesko and Vasilenko

Differentiation according to Strazhesko-Vasilenko includes three clinical stages of heart failure.

I stage (initial). Symptoms occur latently during physical exertion: shortness of breath, palpitations. These symptoms subside with rest.

II stage. Symptoms and signs of heart failure occur not only during physical exertion, but also at rest. Stage II heart failure, in turn, is divided into two: stage II A and stage II B.
In stage A, there are signs of moderate heart failure (congestion in the right or left ventricle).
For heart failure stage II B is characterized by signs of stagnation in the small and large circles of blood circulation. Patients experience severe discomfort. At rest, pronounced cyanosis, swollen jugular veins, edema, and ascites are detected.

III stage. It is defined as terminal, dystrophic. It is characterized by pronounced plethora in the small and large sections, impaired hemodynamics of blood circulation, irreversible changes in all organs (multiple organ failure), functional and metabolic (metabolic) disorders.

Systolic and diastolic dysfunction

Systolic dysfunction (or systolic heart failure) occurs when there is abnormal contractility of the heart. In this case, the tissues of the body lack oxygen and nutrients.

Diastolic dysfunction (or diastolic heart failure) occurs in patients whose heart beats normally but the ventricles do not relax properly. In this case, the heart cavities are not filled completely and the body also experiences a lack of oxygen.

Left ventricular and right ventricular failure

Symptoms and signs of heart failure depend on the extent of the affected parts of the heart. Left ventricular failure corresponds to a decrease in ventricular output and an increase in pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins, and with the progression of the disease - in the pulmonary artery.

In patients with right ventricular failure, blood stagnation occurs in the systemic circulation.

Total heart failure develops when the pathological process affects both ventricles.

Thus, CHF has several different classifications, each of which is important in its own way. Based on a certain stage and form of the disease, the doctor can develop an appropriate treatment strategy for the patient and improve his quality of life.

References:

  1. Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine 19/E (Vol.1). Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauseret all. McGraw-HillEducation 2015 ISBN: 0071802134 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780071802130.
  2. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2021 Oct 14;:]. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599-3726.
  3. Moiseev, V.S. Internal diseases: textbook: in 2 volumes / ed. V. S. Moiseeva, A. I. Martynova, N. A. Mukhina. - 3rd ed.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. - T. 1. - 960 p. : ill. - 960 p. - ISBN 978-5-9704-4416-0.

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