7 Neurosurgery and Vascular surgery clinics in Riga
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7 clinics specializing in Neurosurgery and Vascular surgery in Riga.
5
from Ogata Samoletova
November 28, 2023
The snow in Riga
2
from P P
October 02, 2023
I recently had an appointment with Dr. Zaburs zozs and I must say that the doctor's professionalism and care were exceptional. I was thoroughly impressed with their expertise and the way they explained my medical condition.
However, I was disappointed with the experience at the cash and appointment counters. The staff there displayed a rude attitude, which left a negative impression. It's essential for a hospital to provide not only excellent medical care but also a welcoming and respectful environment for patients. I hope that addressing this issue, as it significantly impacts the overall patient experience.
"Thank you for your response. I appreciate your willingness to address my concerns. While I understand your request for specific details, my intention was to provide general feedback based on multiple visits. I believe it's essential for all visitors to have positive experiences, regardless of their nationality. I hope my feedback helps in fostering a more welcoming environment for everyone."
1
from trond Roger
June 16, 2023
Unprofessional staff working there. Ints Udris gave me the wrong diagnosis and was very unprofessional. Don’t recommend people going here.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Foam sclerotherapy (Unilateral)
from $156
-
Varicose veins treatment
≈ $710
-
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for varicose veins (Unilateral)
from $896
-
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose vein (Unilateral)
from $729
-
Phlebectomy (including mini-phleboctomy)
from $916
-
Catheter-directed sclerotherapy (CDS) (Unilateral)
≈ $130
-
Varicose vein stripping (Unilateral)
≈ $701
-
Unilateral varicose veins surgery
≈ $812
-
Venaseal glue therapy of varicose vein (Unilateral)
from $2,718
4.0
5 reviews
5
from Ogata Samoletova
November 28, 2023
The snow in Riga
2
from P P
October 02, 2023
I recently had an appointment with Dr. Zaburs zozs and I must say that the doctor's professionalism and care were exceptional. I was thoroughly impressed with their expertise and the way they explained my medical condition.
However, I was disappointed with the experience at the cash and appointment counters. The staff there displayed a rude attitude, which left a negative impression. It's essential for a hospital to provide not only excellent medical care but also a welcoming and respectful environment for patients. I hope that addressing this issue, as it significantly impacts the overall patient experience.
"Thank you for your response. I appreciate your willingness to address my concerns. While I understand your request for specific details, my intention was to provide general feedback based on multiple visits. I believe it's essential for all visitors to have positive experiences, regardless of their nationality. I hope my feedback helps in fostering a more welcoming environment for everyone."
1
from trond Roger
June 16, 2023
Unprofessional staff working there. Ints Udris gave me the wrong diagnosis and was very unprofessional. Don’t recommend people going here.
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Vascular surgery
The clinic started its work in 1999, rapidly gaining the recognition of both Latvian and foreign patients and medical specialists: an average of 2,500 vein
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5
from Vija Brando
September 18, 2023
Very positive experience at this clinic. I would like to say a big thank you to traumatologist, hand surgeon Jānis Krustiņas for the operation and occupational therapist Diānas Bringinas. ❤️
1
from ella bergas
April 27, 2023
They dont bother no Answer phone. The just hang up. Customer service zero.
5
from Lita Udrase
April 12, 2023
Very positive experience at this clinic. The staff showed care, high professionalism and interest in me as a patient. Easy to find and reach with your own vehicle. Special thanks to Dr. Tikhonov for the operation! ❤️
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Peripheral nerve repair
$833
-
Nerve decompression surgery
≈ $911
-
Surgical neurolysis
≈ $328
-
Epidural block
≈ $263
-
Benign peripheral nerve tumor removal
≈ $1,563
-
Facet joint injection
≈ $208
-
Facial nerve repair
≈ $809
-
Nerve graft repair
≈ $2,283
-
Brachial plexus surgery
≈ $4,842
3.9
5 reviews
5
from Vija Brando
September 18, 2023
Very positive experience at this clinic. I would like to say a big thank you to traumatologist, hand surgeon Jānis Krustiņas for the operation and occupational therapist Diānas Bringinas. ❤️
1
from ella bergas
April 27, 2023
They dont bother no Answer phone. The just hang up. Customer service zero.
5
from Lita Udrase
April 12, 2023
Very positive experience at this clinic. The staff showed care, high professionalism and interest in me as a patient. Easy to find and reach with your own vehicle. Special thanks to Dr. Tikhonov for the operation! ❤️
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Neurosurgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, Russian
We are one of the largest plastic surgery clinics in the Baltic States, providing world-class microsurgery services in Latvia. We ensure high quality - we
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5
from esmeralda rudzite
December 05, 2023
The food is excellent.
The staff of the clinic is excellent, they do their work excellently and the care is excellent.
I rate the work of the clinic highly.
I recommend people who have back problems to seek help and care at the Puriņa private clinic.
Malachi.
1
from Nata Kuznecova
April 13, 2023
I have a sad experience. They lure you with experience and the first reception is always positive. Then everything happens quickly and the client is not allowed to come to his senses that he has already agreed to the operation. After the operation, when you signed, they are not interested in you. I was mutilated there, and for a lot of money. Unfortunately, health cannot be restored. Never go to this office!!! There are swindlers in medical gowns.
5
from Ņina Ozoliņa
November 29, 2022
I have suffered from back pain periodically since 2005. For the last month, I suffered from terrible pain, which was transferred to my left leg, the pain was unbearable, no medicine helped, and blockades were performed, which did not give results. I decided not to suffer anymore and went to the clinic with Dr. Purina, who encouraged me to do the operation. Doctor Kārlis Puriņš was able to convince me and told me everything delicately, that there was no longer any doubt about the surgical intervention, that after the operation my excruciating pain was over and that I could finally live normally. The doctors are all very kind and responsive, the attitude of the nurses was simply excellent, I really felt at home, I was never left alone. After the operation, he could stand up and walk on the second day. Many thanks to Dr. For the staff of Puriņa private clinic, everything was really excellent. Special thanks to Dr. To Karl Purin! From my experience, I want to advise everyone not to suffer pain and go to Dr. Puriņa's private clinic! I wish everyone good health and a peaceful white Christmas!
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Brain aneurysm repair
≈ $3,843
-
Brain aneurysm clipping
≈ $3,796
-
Microvascular decompression (MVD)
≈ $3,346
-
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) resection
≈ $3,527
-
Brain tumors surgery
$1,823 - $5,468
-
Peripheral nerve repair
≈ $1,358
-
Nerve decompression surgery
≈ $911
-
Surgical neurolysis
≈ $328
-
Epidural block
$99 - $307
3.6
5 reviews
5
from esmeralda rudzite
December 05, 2023
The food is excellent.
The staff of the clinic is excellent, they do their work excellently and the care is excellent.
I rate the work of the clinic highly.
I recommend people who have back problems to seek help and care at the Puriņa private clinic.
Malachi.
1
from Nata Kuznecova
April 13, 2023
I have a sad experience. They lure you with experience and the first reception is always positive. Then everything happens quickly and the client is not allowed to come to his senses that he has already agreed to the operation. After the operation, when you signed, they are not interested in you. I was mutilated there, and for a lot of money. Unfortunately, health cannot be restored. Never go to this office!!! There are swindlers in medical gowns.
5
from Ņina Ozoliņa
November 29, 2022
I have suffered from back pain periodically since 2005. For the last month, I suffered from terrible pain, which was transferred to my left leg, the pain was unbearable, no medicine helped, and blockades were performed, which did not give results. I decided not to suffer anymore and went to the clinic with Dr. Purina, who encouraged me to do the operation. Doctor Kārlis Puriņš was able to convince me and told me everything delicately, that there was no longer any doubt about the surgical intervention, that after the operation my excruciating pain was over and that I could finally live normally. The doctors are all very kind and responsive, the attitude of the nurses was simply excellent, I really felt at home, I was never left alone. After the operation, he could stand up and walk on the second day. Many thanks to Dr. For the staff of Puriņa private clinic, everything was really excellent. Special thanks to Dr. To Karl Purin! From my experience, I want to advise everyone not to suffer pain and go to Dr. Puriņa's private clinic! I wish everyone good health and a peaceful white Christmas!
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
The clinic was first established in 1991 as a healthcare facility for neurosurgery, neurology, orthopedics and plastic surgery patients. Starting with 2018, the clinic works
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5
from Daniela F
August 31, 2022
I wanted to thank surgeon Kārlis Vērdiņš. After having two kids I had diastasis recti and he made my tummy look ever better than it looked before the kids. I couldn’t be more satisfied with the result! I’m extremely happy that I have chosen him to do my surgery. All the best, Daniela from Vancouver, Canada
5
from Liva Majevska
December 16, 2021
I wanted to sincerely thank surgeon Kārlis Vērdiņš for his breast augmentation, I am very satisfied with the final result and volume. After two children, my breasts had lose shape and volume and im happy that i chose surgeon Kārlis Vērdiņš, because communication was very free, relaxed from half a word understood exactly what I wanted , and his confidence in the final result convinced me even more . Finally, I feel like a full woman thanks to Kārlis Vērdiņš. I I wish you all the best with greetings Liva from Iceland
1
from Lilita Mulars
September 16, 2021
Can't say was impressed by attitude of Kondratishko service. We not living in Latvia any more and have adopted to western culture and would like to have better service and customer skill service from person who charges such a big money for 5 min consultation. Very dissatisfied. Would not let my other half to have operation done by person like that. Hope clinic's bosses are reading this and some measures will be taken to put her on the right way how to provide her service.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Foam sclerotherapy (Unilateral)
≈ $211
-
Varicose veins treatment
≈ $710
-
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for varicose veins (Unilateral)
≈ $1,209
-
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose vein (Unilateral)
≈ $1,098
-
Phlebectomy (including mini-phleboctomy)
from $620
-
Catheter-directed sclerotherapy (CDS) (Unilateral)
≈ $130
-
Brain aneurysm repair
≈ $3,843
-
Brain aneurysm clipping
≈ $3,796
-
Microvascular decompression (MVD)
$3,406 - $4,353
4.4
5 reviews
5
from Daniela F
August 31, 2022
I wanted to thank surgeon Kārlis Vērdiņš. After having two kids I had diastasis recti and he made my tummy look ever better than it looked before the kids. I couldn’t be more satisfied with the result! I’m extremely happy that I have chosen him to do my surgery. All the best, Daniela from Vancouver, Canada
5
from Liva Majevska
December 16, 2021
I wanted to sincerely thank surgeon Kārlis Vērdiņš for his breast augmentation, I am very satisfied with the final result and volume. After two children, my breasts had lose shape and volume and im happy that i chose surgeon Kārlis Vērdiņš, because communication was very free, relaxed from half a word understood exactly what I wanted , and his confidence in the final result convinced me even more . Finally, I feel like a full woman thanks to Kārlis Vērdiņš. I I wish you all the best with greetings Liva from Iceland
1
from Lilita Mulars
September 16, 2021
Can't say was impressed by attitude of Kondratishko service. We not living in Latvia any more and have adopted to western culture and would like to have better service and customer skill service from person who charges such a big money for 5 min consultation. Very dissatisfied. Would not let my other half to have operation done by person like that. Hope clinic's bosses are reading this and some measures will be taken to put her on the right way how to provide her service.
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, Russian
AIWA Clinic is a new, modern and cozy wide-profile clinic, which was founded in 2016 and offers its patients diagnostics, the widest range of surgery,
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1
from Kristiana K
February 21, 2023
I came to the hospital with a sharp pain in the ear, everything was alright at the start but after 1 hour my ear started hurting more and I started losing my hearing, after 3 hours I started crying because of the pain and they didn’t even care, they just walked past me and ignored, i honestly don't recommend this hospital to anyone, it is disrespectful to wait for a doctor for like 4-5 hours.
5
from Aleksejs Romanuks
January 28, 2023
This wonderful place gets better every year. Some buildings get renovated, and some get built from scratch.
Medical stuff gets multiple training to keep a professional and modern degree.
Special thanks to @LizetePuga on tasty and beautiful food (children love those (and parents too)).
5
from Atis Dimants
October 29, 2022
Huge hospital, based on long history. Enthusiastic and friendly personnel, despite long working hours.
No doubt, there are a lot of things that could be better. But still - this is the best we have, and I'm proud there's BKUS in Latvia, Riga
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Brain aneurysm repair
≈ $3,843
-
Brain aneurysm clipping
≈ $3,796
-
Microvascular decompression (MVD)
≈ $3,346
-
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) resection
$2,942
-
Brain tumors surgery
$4,234
-
Chiari decompression surgery
$2,999
-
Endoscopic pituitary surgery
≈ $3,150
-
Embolization for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
≈ $3,546
-
Cranioplasty
$2,026
3.9
5 reviews
1
from Kristiana K
February 21, 2023
I came to the hospital with a sharp pain in the ear, everything was alright at the start but after 1 hour my ear started hurting more and I started losing my hearing, after 3 hours I started crying because of the pain and they didn’t even care, they just walked past me and ignored, i honestly don't recommend this hospital to anyone, it is disrespectful to wait for a doctor for like 4-5 hours.
5
from Aleksejs Romanuks
January 28, 2023
This wonderful place gets better every year. Some buildings get renovated, and some get built from scratch.
Medical stuff gets multiple training to keep a professional and modern degree.
Special thanks to @LizetePuga on tasty and beautiful food (children love those (and parents too)).
5
from Atis Dimants
October 29, 2022
Huge hospital, based on long history. Enthusiastic and friendly personnel, despite long working hours.
No doubt, there are a lot of things that could be better. But still - this is the best we have, and I'm proud there's BKUS in Latvia, Riga
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
We treat, care for, teach, and inspire in order for children to have healthier and more fulfilling lives Our vision is to become an internationally
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1
from Ch Saim
November 19, 2023
It's early morning, 3.50 AM
I lost my baby here .My bay was in 6 months, and everything was normal.
It's only a lower belly pain and gas issue .
Pain was completely gone after 24 hours.
After 24 hours, my wife called me and told me I am feeling pain again and again with a 5-minute delay.
And at 3.50 AM
I listened we lost our baby 😢
Even the doctors don't inform me.
I am the father of the baby , and I have the right to know each and every thing.
Doctors took the 13 ultrasound in 2 days, and they are not able to access the main issue of this pain .
All doctors were done ultrasound,blood, and urine tests separately.
But they are not able to know what we should do for treatment.
At night, there is no way to enter the hospital .
Today, I am very helpless.
Even I can't meet my wife.
I can't see her condition.
I can't go to her 😢.......
When I enter in Gynecologist ward at 8 floor
There was not any doctor near my wife.
She left her alone and went somewhere else.
My wife is crying 😢 for help.
3 old ladies in uniform seated near the door but don't call the doctor.
When I ask about the doctor ,then after 20 minutes, she comes and starts arguing with me .
Even there is no one in the main reception in the gynecologist section .
What is this ........
I never ever heard or seen this neglegency.
I am also a medical technologist.
I never ever saw this condition in any hospital.
This is not a hospital.
It's a death cell.
Not professional doctors and other staff ,they are killer .
Even they don't give us our documents or medical history.
How can they take our medical treatment history ?
5
from Janis Bertrands
May 10, 2023
Amazingly forthcoming and caring service every single time. All the staff is friendly and eager to help.
I truly believe that any negative feedback partially has to do with who's leaving it.
5
from Vedran Stipic
April 30, 2023
My father in law is still here in intensive care. I have nothing but good things to say about the nurses and doctors working here. He's been here for two weeks now, so it's not a rash judgment.
Update: after three months of intense fight for his life, my father in law lost the battle. I still stand by what I said, these people did everything humanly possible to cure him and ease his pain. I wish they worked in my city and that my family and I have people like these in our time of need.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA)
≈ $3,480
-
Foam sclerotherapy (Unilateral)
≈ $211
-
Carotid angioplasty and stenting
$4,530
-
Varicose veins treatment
≈ $710
-
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for varicose veins (Unilateral)
≈ $1,209
-
Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for varicose vein (Unilateral)
from $1,057
-
Phlebectomy (including mini-phleboctomy)
from $1,005
-
Catheter-directed sclerotherapy (CDS) (Unilateral)
≈ $130
-
Brain aneurysm repair
≈ $3,843
3.4
5 reviews
1
from Ch Saim
November 19, 2023
It's early morning, 3.50 AM
I lost my baby here .My bay was in 6 months, and everything was normal.
It's only a lower belly pain and gas issue .
Pain was completely gone after 24 hours.
After 24 hours, my wife called me and told me I am feeling pain again and again with a 5-minute delay.
And at 3.50 AM
I listened we lost our baby 😢
Even the doctors don't inform me.
I am the father of the baby , and I have the right to know each and every thing.
Doctors took the 13 ultrasound in 2 days, and they are not able to access the main issue of this pain .
All doctors were done ultrasound,blood, and urine tests separately.
But they are not able to know what we should do for treatment.
At night, there is no way to enter the hospital .
Today, I am very helpless.
Even I can't meet my wife.
I can't see her condition.
I can't go to her 😢.......
When I enter in Gynecologist ward at 8 floor
There was not any doctor near my wife.
She left her alone and went somewhere else.
My wife is crying 😢 for help.
3 old ladies in uniform seated near the door but don't call the doctor.
When I ask about the doctor ,then after 20 minutes, she comes and starts arguing with me .
Even there is no one in the main reception in the gynecologist section .
What is this ........
I never ever heard or seen this neglegency.
I am also a medical technologist.
I never ever saw this condition in any hospital.
This is not a hospital.
It's a death cell.
Not professional doctors and other staff ,they are killer .
Even they don't give us our documents or medical history.
How can they take our medical treatment history ?
5
from Janis Bertrands
May 10, 2023
Amazingly forthcoming and caring service every single time. All the staff is friendly and eager to help.
I truly believe that any negative feedback partially has to do with who's leaving it.
5
from Vedran Stipic
April 30, 2023
My father in law is still here in intensive care. I have nothing but good things to say about the nurses and doctors working here. He's been here for two weeks now, so it's not a rash judgment.
Update: after three months of intense fight for his life, my father in law lost the battle. I still stand by what I said, these people did everything humanly possible to cure him and ease his pain. I wish they worked in my city and that my family and I have people like these in our time of need.
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
RIGA EAST UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL is a multi-field medical treatment institution in Latvia that provides extensive diagnostics and treatment to patients, as well as carries out
read more
1
from Greg Moore
September 18, 2023
Went in after falling, told nose was broken after MRI and sent out again without treatment. Few days later started falling again and couldn't walk. Called ambulance, 3 IV's at once. Bruises, infections, what I can only categorise as abuse as let's just say I have ties to hospital. Ended up needing private nurse when out to treat infections and damage they had done. These people should not be allowed treat tree's wouldn't insult animals.
1
from Iza Vivat
August 09, 2023
From where the bolt driver dropped me off it looked like an old haunted building. When i entered, it looked like an abandoned mental hospital only missing a dead guy and a crazy dude in the corner. Asked two doctors walking around for help from which i got the answers "I don't speak english" in a perfect english accent and "No". Finally found a person that speaks english. After a minute or so she said that i have to go to a hospital 10 MIN AWAY WITH A CAR because this is not a childrens hospital. If you go here, do your research about where exactly you need to enter to get help and if you are younger than 18 years old do not go even near this hospital.
5
from Roberts Pauls Zarins
May 04, 2023
Came in for an emergency on a national holdiday at 6am, was greeted by very nice staff. Plus the overall experince was very professional. And despite the fact that I am deathly affraid of doctors and hospitals the staff did their best to make this experience more than bareable. Did not like the food but what do you expect from hospital.
Prices for popular procedures:
-
Foam sclerotherapy (Unilateral)
≈ $211
-
Peripheral artery angioplasty and stent placement
$3,749
-
Abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
from $22,548
-
Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR)
from $8,602
-
Arteriovenous (AV) fistula surgery
≈ $1,455
-
Endovascular thrombectomy
≈ $2,606
-
Uterine artery embolization (UAE)
≈ $2,088
-
Varicose veins treatment
≈ $710
-
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for varicose veins (Unilateral)
≈ $1,209
3.7
5 reviews
1
from Greg Moore
September 18, 2023
Went in after falling, told nose was broken after MRI and sent out again without treatment. Few days later started falling again and couldn't walk. Called ambulance, 3 IV's at once. Bruises, infections, what I can only categorise as abuse as let's just say I have ties to hospital. Ended up needing private nurse when out to treat infections and damage they had done. These people should not be allowed treat tree's wouldn't insult animals.
1
from Iza Vivat
August 09, 2023
From where the bolt driver dropped me off it looked like an old haunted building. When i entered, it looked like an abandoned mental hospital only missing a dead guy and a crazy dude in the corner. Asked two doctors walking around for help from which i got the answers "I don't speak english" in a perfect english accent and "No". Finally found a person that speaks english. After a minute or so she said that i have to go to a hospital 10 MIN AWAY WITH A CAR because this is not a childrens hospital. If you go here, do your research about where exactly you need to enter to get help and if you are younger than 18 years old do not go even near this hospital.
5
from Roberts Pauls Zarins
May 04, 2023
Came in for an emergency on a national holdiday at 6am, was greeted by very nice staff. Plus the overall experince was very professional. And despite the fact that I am deathly affraid of doctors and hospitals the staff did their best to make this experience more than bareable. Did not like the food but what do you expect from hospital.
Riga, Latvia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, Latvian, Russian
VSIA “Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital” is a multi-profile hospital that provides a full range of emergency and planned medical care, as well as pre-
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Clinics grouping by rating
Clinic with the highest rating of 4.4 — AIWA Clinic in Riga, Latvia, clinic with the most reviews number of 496 — Paula Stradiņa klīniskā universitātes slimnīca in Riga, Latvia.
With rating from 3.0 to 3.9 — 5 clinics.
With rating 4.0 and over — 2 clinics .
Quick navigation
Procedures
Diseases
- Aortoiliac allografting ≈ $9,864
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) embolization ≈ $1,454
- Bilateral varicose veins surgery $876 - $1,182
- Brain shunt surgery $1,640 - $4,675
- Carotid and intracerebral thrombolysis ≈ $9,882
- Carotid angioplasty and stenting ≈ $4,616
- Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) ≈ $3,546
- Catheter embolization ≈ $2,419
- Corpus callosotomy ≈ $3,523
- Craniofacial surgery ≈ $4,808
- Elevation of depressed skull fracture ≈ $1,804
- Embolization of peripheral arteries aneurysm ≈ $8,745
- Endoscopic septostomy ≈ $3,361
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) ≈ $2,807
- Endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) for coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) ≈ $446
- Endovascular thrombectomy ≈ $2,656
- Extracranial CSF drainage by request
- Femoral-popliteal bypass graft surgery ≈ $4,426
- Focal resection ≈ $3,210
- Functional hemispherectomy ≈ $5,413
- Acute limb ischemia
- Acute renal hemorrhage
- Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD)
- Arterial embolism
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
- Bell's palsy
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Benign spinal tumor
- Brachiocephalic occlusive disease
- Brain metastases
- Carotid artery disease
- Carotid body paraganglioma
- Cavernous angioma
- Cavernous hemangioma
- Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM)
- Cerebrovascular occlusive disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- Chronic limb ischemia
- Craniofacial injury
- Craniopharyngioma