Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation in 202 Cardiac surgery clinics in Asia

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202 clinics specializing in Cardiac surgery providing Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation Ventricular assist device implantation is a surgical procedure that involves implanting a mechanical pump device into the heart to help it pump blood to the body. LVAD assists the left ventricle, RVAD assists the right ventricle, and BVAD assists both ventricles.
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procedure in Asia.

Bahrain · 1
China · 4
India · 38
Indonesia · 12
Israel · 13
Japan · 13
Jordan · 4
Lebanon · 1
Malaysia · 12
Oman · 3
Singapore · 4
Sri Lanka · 5
Taiwan · 3
Thailand · 12
Turkey · 26
Vietnam · 4
You can select a specific country
Azerbaijan · 3 Bahrain · 1 Bangladesh · 7 China · 4 India · 38 Indonesia · 12 Israel · 13 Japan · 13 Jordan · 4 Kazakhstan · 4 Lebanon · 1 Malaysia · 12 Oman · 3 Philippines · 5 Saudi Arabia · 5 Singapore · 4 South Korea · 14 Sri Lanka · 5 Taiwan · 3 Thailand · 12 Turkey · 26 United Arab Emirates · 9 Vietnam · 4
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Rating Cost of procedures Relevance
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $3,345
  2. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $39,725
  3. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $48,864
  4. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $36,475
  5. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $57,387
  6. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $46,499
photo
Kurashiki, Japan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Kurashiki Central Hospital is founded upon the principles of egalitarianism and patient centered care. We strive to provide for our patients advanced, complete medical care read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $1,477
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,108
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $1,008
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $8,663
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $14,238
  6. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $4,031
photo
Batam, Indonesia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English
Awal Bros Hospital Batam was established on June 26th, 2003. It has 214 beds. This hospital received national accreditation by the Commission for the Accreditation read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,100
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $5,451
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $12,629
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $50,278
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $69,164
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $24,931
photo
Ramat Gan, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Established in 1948, Sheba Medical Center is now the leading medical center in the Middle East and an internationally recognized healthcare facility. In 2019, Newsweek read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $104,513
  2. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $42,999
  3. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $61,253
  4. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $24,944
  5. Management of ICD system
    ≈ $3,907
  6. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (ICD)
    by request
photo
Singapore, Singapore
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Singapore General Hospital (SGH) is the first and largest hospital in Singapore. It provides affordable specialist care for patients, training for doctors and other healthcare read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,370
  2. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $71,284
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,776
  4. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $10,702
  5. Management of ICD system
    ≈ $1,669
  6. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (ICD)
    by request
photo
Tokyo, Japan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English
The University of Tokyo Hospital contributes to the advancement of clinical medicine and the cultivation of healthcare professionals in order to provide each patient with read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $3,329
  2. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $44,806
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,317
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $17,405
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,022
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $8,672
photo
Taoyuan City, Taiwan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) is a JCI accredited, multi-specialty hospital situated amidst the flourishing district of Linkou, Taiwan. Founded in 1978, CGMH has read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $3,329
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $2,390
  3. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $44,806
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,317
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $17,405
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $19,022
photo
Taipei City, Taiwan
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Chinese, English
National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) was founded in 1895. It was initially located at Dadaocheng, Taipei, and then was relocated to the present site in read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $3,567
  2. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,189
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,971
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $18,432
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $28,852
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $12,298
photo
Phuket, Thailand
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Chinese, Danish, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Arabic, Spanish; Castilian
A premier health and wellness destination in Asia Located in southern Thailand, Bangkok Hospital Phuket is a leading health and wellness destination in Asia. Bangkok read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $3,567
  2. Coronary catheterization
    $1,689
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,971
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $18,432
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $28,852
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $12,298
photo
Bangkok, Thailand
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Amharic, Arabic, Bengali, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Mongolian, Nepali, Norwegian, Persian, Russian, Turkish, Urdu, Vietnamese, Spanish; Castilian, Greek, Modern, Chinese, English
Our patients are served by over 900 nurses and over 1,200 doctors and dentists, covering 55 sub-specialties. The Red Cross gives Bumrungrad its top classification read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $33,454
  2. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $36,892
  3. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $72,657
  4. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $39,068
  5. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $22,890
  6. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $31,500
photo
Tel Aviv, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, Russian
Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) is Israel’s leading multidisciplinary healthcare institution, globally recognized as a front-runner in the field of medical tourism. Every year, read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    $4,100
  2. Coronary catheterization
    $8,265
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $12,629
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $50,278
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $69,164
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $24,931
photo
Tel Aviv, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, Russian, Ukrainian
Assuta is the largest private hospital in the country. Every year the clinic receives several hundred thousand Israelis and patients from all over the world read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,100
  2. Coronary catheterization
    from $4,145
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $12,629
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $50,278
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $69,164
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $24,931
photo
Tel Aviv, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, Russian
Possessing the highest qualifications, the clinic staff strictly adheres to the principle of an individual approach, both from the side of medicine and from the read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,100
  2. Coronary catheterization
    from $1,875
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $12,629
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $50,278
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $69,164
  6. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $34,728
photo
Herzliya, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
“Herzliya Medical Center” Private Hospital is one of the leading medical institutions in Israel, founded in 1983 with the aim of creating a medical institution read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $4,100
  2. Heart transplantation
    ≈ $113,967
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $12,629
  4. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $50,278
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $69,164
  6. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $24,931
photo
Jerusalem, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
With over 130 departments and clinics, Hadassah Ein Kerem provides Israel's most advanced diagnostic and therapeutic services for the local and national population and a read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    $5,410
  2. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $50,278
  3. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $69,164
  4. Change of defibrillator
    ≈ $24,931
  5. Management of ICD system
    ≈ $6,242
  6. Insertion of Optimizer smart implantable pulse generator (IPD) system
    ≈ $24,342
photo
Haifa, Israel
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, English, Russian
Rambam Health Care Campus is a 1000-bed world-class teaching hospital. The patient population is diverse, as Rambam is the major tertiary (referral) medical center for read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $3,075
  2. Coronary catheterization
    $1,183 - $1,968
  3. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $3,580
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $23,560
  5. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $27,056
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $28,871
photo
Malacca, Malaysia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Mahkota Medical Centre, one of the largest private hospitals in Southern Peninsular Malaysia, is a multi-disciplinary private hospital located in the heart of Melaka, a read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $1,464
  2. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $23,560
  3. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $27,056
  4. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $28,871
  5. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $27,946
  6. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $19,960
photo
Subang Jaya, Malaysia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Indonesian, Japanese
Established in November 1999, Sunway Medical Centre is an Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) accredited private hospital located in Malaysia’s first fully integrated green read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $1,728
  2. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (ICD)
    from $14,170
  3. Coronary catheterization
    from $440
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $1,799
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $4,049
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $17,850
photo
New Delhi, India
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology, Dentistry
Max Hospital has become one of the best names in the field of medical hospitality service in India. The Max Super Specialty Hospital Saket, New read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $1,728
  2. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (ICD)
    from $14,170
  3. Coronary catheterization
    from $440
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $1,799
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $4,049
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $17,850
photo
Delhi, India
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology, Dentistry
Languages: English
Max Super Specialty Hospital Patparganj, Delhi has been one of the top medical care facilities for not only the people of Delhi but also for read more
Prices for selected procedures, total:
by request
  1. Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation
    by request
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $1,728
  2. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation (ICD)
    from $14,170
  3. Coronary catheterization
    from $440
  4. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $1,799
  5. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker (CRT-P)
    ≈ $4,049
  6. Cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D)
    ≈ $17,850
photo
Delhi, India
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology, Dentistry
Languages: English
The Max super specialty hospital in the Shalimar Bagh region in Delhi is one of the most reputed super-specialty hospitals in the country offering specialized read more

Procedure price distribution in Asia

Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation:

$133.6 K This price found in Kazakhstan, Astana
$133.6 K This price found in Kazakhstan, Astana
Minimum Average Maximum

Procedure prices in popular countries:

Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation:

China by request in 4 clinics
Germany by request in 26 clinics
Israel by request in 13 clinics
Turkey by request in 26 clinics
United States by request in 15 clinics

Countries with the highest number of clinics offering the procedures treatment:

Ventricular assist device (LVAD, RVAD, BVAD) implantation:

Clinics grouping by rating

Clinic with the highest rating of 5 — Gangnam Severance Hospital in Seoul, South Korea and 2 more, clinic with the most reviews number of 35757 — Aster CMI hospital in Bengaluru, India.

With rating 4.0 and over — 107 clinics .

What you should know about chronic heart failure?

Classification, staging of CHF

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a fairly common pathology that can significantly reduce the patient's quality of life. Below we will analyze in detail the classification and staging of CHF for a better understanding of medical documentation and the patient's condition.

What is heart failure (CHF)?

In this disease, due to various possible causes, the blood moves through the heart and body more slowly, and the pressure in the heart chambers increases. As a result, the vessels do not carry enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the needs of the body. Thus, heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that it does not work as efficiently as under normal conditions.

To maintain normal blood flow, the walls of the chambers of the heart can change, that is, stretch and thicken, and the kidneys can retain fluid and ions in the body to a greater extent.

How is the pathology of the pumping function of the heart determined?

For this, a concept such as ejection fraction (EF) is used, which is determined during an echocardiogram. EF is used to measure how well the heart is pumping blood with each beat and helps determine if systolic or diastolic dysfunction is present.

What classifications of CHF exist?

Physicians have developed several different classifications of this pathology, but the following three are most often used:

  1. Determination of the functional class in accordance with the classification of the New York Heart Association.
  2. Clinical staging according to Strazhesko and Vasilenko.
  3. Determination of the variant of heart failure:
    • with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction less 40%);
    • with normal systolic function of the left ventricle (ejection fraction over 40%).

Less often, right ventricular and left ventricular failure, as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunction, are distinguished.

New York Heart Association (NYHA) Clinical Classification of Heart Failure

This division categorizes people into classes I-II-III-IV depending on the severity of symptoms or functional limitations (functional classes).

| Class I | Physical activity is not impaired, and the patient does not experience unusual fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, or pain with daily habitual activities |
| Class II | Minor restrictions in normal activities. At this stage, the person already has mild fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, or pain during normal activities, but no symptoms at rest |
| Class III | Severe limitation of normal activities. The patient has severe fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, or pain even during minimal exercise. There are no symptoms at rest |
| Class IV | The patient is uncomfortable even at rest. Discomfort increases with any physical activity |

Classification of heart failure according to Strazhesko and Vasilenko

Differentiation according to Strazhesko-Vasilenko includes three clinical stages of heart failure.

I stage (initial). Symptoms occur latently during physical exertion: shortness of breath, palpitations. These symptoms subside with rest.

II stage. Symptoms and signs of heart failure occur not only during physical exertion, but also at rest. Stage II heart failure, in turn, is divided into two: stage II A and stage II B.
In stage A, there are signs of moderate heart failure (congestion in the right or left ventricle).
For heart failure stage II B is characterized by signs of stagnation in the small and large circles of blood circulation. Patients experience severe discomfort. At rest, pronounced cyanosis, swollen jugular veins, edema, and ascites are detected.

III stage. It is defined as terminal, dystrophic. It is characterized by pronounced plethora in the small and large sections, impaired hemodynamics of blood circulation, irreversible changes in all organs (multiple organ failure), functional and metabolic (metabolic) disorders.

Systolic and diastolic dysfunction

Systolic dysfunction (or systolic heart failure) occurs when there is abnormal contractility of the heart. In this case, the tissues of the body lack oxygen and nutrients.

Diastolic dysfunction (or diastolic heart failure) occurs in patients whose heart beats normally but the ventricles do not relax properly. In this case, the heart cavities are not filled completely and the body also experiences a lack of oxygen.

Left ventricular and right ventricular failure

Symptoms and signs of heart failure depend on the extent of the affected parts of the heart. Left ventricular failure corresponds to a decrease in ventricular output and an increase in pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins, and with the progression of the disease - in the pulmonary artery.

In patients with right ventricular failure, blood stagnation occurs in the systemic circulation.

Total heart failure develops when the pathological process affects both ventricles.

Thus, CHF has several different classifications, each of which is important in its own way. Based on a certain stage and form of the disease, the doctor can develop an appropriate treatment strategy for the patient and improve his quality of life.

References:

  1. Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine 19/E (Vol.1). Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauseret all. McGraw-HillEducation 2015 ISBN: 0071802134 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780071802130.
  2. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2021 Oct 14;:]. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599-3726.
  3. Moiseev, V.S. Internal diseases: textbook: in 2 volumes / ed. V. S. Moiseeva, A. I. Martynova, N. A. Mukhina. - 3rd ed.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. - T. 1. - 960 p. : ill. - 960 p. - ISBN 978-5-9704-4416-0.

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