Acute congestive heart failure treatment in 173 Cardiac surgery clinics in Europe

They don’t give an estimated waiting time for surgery- they kept pushing my surgery. I had to stay without eating any food or drinking any water for 24+ hours as they kept pushing my surgery. But overall the staff and doctors are very kind. They took care of me really well even though I didn’t speak German!

This place really deserves 0 stars. I’m sure there are hospitals in third world countries that have better service than this place. First of all, the Emergency Room receptionists don’t speak even basic English . Which is unbelievable being in a large international city with a high population of foreigners. They were basically unsympathetic and useless despite me being doubled over in pain. Where do I even begin with what I experienced here? I was admitted at 5am on Monday morning. The place was empty. Despite this, no one ever came to check on me for hours after putting in my IV and I woke up to it sucking my blood out. My toilet didn’t work which was a nightmare with constant vomiting and diarrhea . There was no toilet paper and despite me bringing this up to someone several times throughout the night it was never replaced. Because I had no way to flush the toilet or given any alternatives (even a trash can to vomit in would have been nice) I was forced to just keep stacking all my expulsions into the blocked toilet. For my second IV the nurses put it in wrong, no one noticed until the doctor came in hours later and saw it. I decided to discharge myself and when I left I saw all the nurses and support staff in the hallway chatting about their weekends and playing around on their phones. Absolutely despicable. Since this has been noted by several other reviewers, I believe there needs to be some firing of personnel and change of management. The room itself was also very unhygienic and reeked of urine and homelessness (similar to Hauptbahnhof) which made my already bad nausea even worse 🤮🤮🤢. The negligence at this hospital is out of this world and should be called out.

My sister had a serious operation in this hospital 4 days ago. After the operation, she spent the first night in the intensive care unit. My sister was very satisfied with the treatment in that department and felt calm. After transferring to the public sector, everyone is still very kind and helpful. Very clean hospital, with professional and lovely staff. And also the atmosphere is beautiful.

Zero Stars. This hospital should be shut down immediately. Came in via Ambulance who by the way, pulled over in the middle of the drive so tell me go to an ATM to get cash… Hello my fiancé is dying here… Get to the hospital and immediately get separated and told she can’t have her phone because she’s not in good enough condition… excuse me? Wanted to know when i could see her and translate because she’s japanese and knows very little english… Wasn’t allowed to do that. No status updates, and waited hours with drunk, sick, agitated homeless people for her to walk out feeling no better at all… Nothing positive at all

I have read the other negative reviews and they mirror my esperience. I too was a visitor to Paris from the U.S. I was transported to this hospital after tripping and falling on the sidewalk. I was subjected to blood tests , an ECG and a cranial x-rays and the staff never answered my questions about why the tests were necessary. Just like the others on this site they paid little or no attention to the contusions on my face or my clearly apparent swollen wrist- no ice packs or wraps. After waiting in the ER for approximately 6 hours after arriving I informed the doctor I was leaving. She became angry , said they were busy and she asked that I remain in the ER for another hour to await the test results. When I refused she told me to leave. When asked would someone assist me with finding a taxi to return to my hotel, she just walked away from me. I will have my doctor look at my wrist when I return to the U.S. If I could have given them a zero or no stars I would have done so.

A visitor to Paris, I had a fall and hit my head on some steps. I was taken by ambulance to this hospital. Ambulance I could fault, spoke English and was very caring. Different matter when they dropped me off at this disgusting hospital. I have spent time in a hospital in Ghana West Africa, third world, it was streets ahead of this filthy disgusting hospital. There were no redeeming features, staff awful and rude. They would not let my husband accompany me so I was on my own with people who spoke on English. Took blood without gloves or washing hands. No access to water and was told I was very dehydrated, hello where do I get a drink, when I asked for water was told this is not a hotel. Many X-rays,scans, reports ( 7 hours) I walked out. They initially would not let me out but I made such a fuss they let me go. I did not pay a cent. I have now arrived back home in Australia and I find a bill waiting for me. I m not going to pay it they should be paying me for the trauma I endured. I had a fracture in my hand and they totally ignored that, went to a pharmacy and they bandaged it up for me. I would be prosecuted if I took my dog there. Thankfully this did not spoil my visit to Paris.

I worked there about 3 years ago and can say that I am glad to have found another job. Personally, I always found the personnel key to be too narrow. On the intensive one there were 1 to 3 people caring for each other at night and on the ZNA 2 people were responsible for almost 50 - 60 people. That was just too much for me. Of course I was happy that the station management pointed out to me that I was too weak for this area, even though one of the employees there went into burnout. You also can't take a coffee break when she was around. Ok, the social room was more of a storage room. It's also great that the new employees were fully deployed right from the start without any training. Of course, they know immediately what to do in an emergency. Of course, I found it best to call the doctors to see who was responsible. It was also wonderful that we got a third service, after a doctor left, he was replaced by a nurse... for 1 month. Things also get interesting when you ask the students whether they want to start at the station, pretty much everyone said no. I'm curious whether things will be different in the new hospital or whether it will be a ghost hospital. I think either their hands are tied and they can't change such rigid structures, or they really believe that they are so great at KOFÜ. Anyway, feedback should be formulated positively, I hope I managed it that way.

Top Personal

A good hospital the doctor is very knowledgeable

Hernia operation. I had a hernia for years. It started to be worst so i decided to go for operation. Waiting time to get operated was 4 months. Not great. Not great ... I read somewhere it is result of cutting staff. Experience with the doctors was however great. I was operated by a young Female doctor M B (thanks again you are great and talented) I stayed altogether 3 days in hospital (one day before operation and 2 days after ) they removed 2 hernias, one lomparoscopy and one net stitching. The nurses were great and helpers too. I would have liked being helped to the door for exit process. I walked out with spinning head. Very very very bad experience was front desk administrative nurse. miss J. She either hate people or her job. Who knows maybe both. Her approach and the words used were conflictual and distasteful even if i was nice. Pain was very manageable 3/10

Crazy person on the line. Just not normal to talk to people like that. Why do you work in the hospital if you hate them so much?

I went to this hospital several months ago to run some tests. Upon trying to reschedule an appointment for a checkup, I was told that they do not accept foreigners, despite the fact I have Czech residency, and was referred elsewhere. The level of unprofessionalism is frankly appalling; it appears the staff at this hospital has forgotten the fall of communism was over 30 years ago.

Very disappointing experience. My mom fell very sick while on a bus traveling from Austria to Poland through Czech Republic. She fainted, vomited, had seizures and was unconscious for 40 minutes while waiting for the ambulance. Ambulance took her to this hospital, wasted time on checking her insurance instead of helping first and foremost, and made her wait for a check up for an hour in an emergency department. Later, after receiving medical help my mom felt very thirsty and asked for a glass of water. She had to ask several times different staff, and all of them didn’t bother to help and just said there is no drinking water available (however, my mom could see two bottles of water on a table and an electric kettle, probably the staff’s, but obviously they didn’t want to share). My mom felt dizzy and weak, and yet had to get up and go to toilet to drink tap water. Just after 2 hours of staying in the hospital the staff asked my mom to vacate the bed even though she still felt very dizzy and nauseous. Just a reminder: she was in a unknown city in a foreign country took off the bus because of an emergency medical accident. The hospital staff couldn’t care less, they just asked her to leave because according to them she already “got all needed medical assistance” and “ready to leave”. She had to quickly book a hotel room and leave. When she asked to help at least with getting a taxi, the staff again acted reluctantly and didn’t help in the end. Unempathetic, unhospitable and unprofessional. Me and my family members have experienced medical assistance a few times in several countries but never had such a bad treatment.

Definitely among one of the best teaching university hospitals in the Country, spacious, with a lot of subspecialities including cardiology, gastroenterology, ENT, etc..

Very efficient. Arrive and take a ticket then wait to be called. They take your details and then you are seen according to your needs. English is spoken.

Got my Covid (#5) vaccine at this facility. Vaccination center is located in building/pavilion E next door from entrance E7. Hospital is easily accessible via public transport/trams. The service and staff are very efficient. Dr. Mankovecky (fluent in English) and his nurse are extremely friendly and pleasant. Appointment is required and recommended for the vaccination services. I recommend this facility!

This review is for the ULZ department in this hospital. I went several days to the hyperbaric chamber. The team was the best one I've ever encountered in Czech Republic, doctors, nurses, technicians, everyone was nice, positive, polite, helpful, and dedicated. They took the time to explain everything to the patients, are nice and smiling everyday. For the first time I felt they loved their job for both the medical part and the human contact. Special thanks to Mila, the nurse who took care about me all along the procedure. Please do not change anything! And for the hospital in general please take this department as an example!

It’s really a very good hospital. As I don’t speak Czech, it may be a problem in some places. But here it is very good. It’s like an international hospital. Everyone from the reception to the examination doctors all speaks good English. There is no problem with being treated. And the waiting time is not long at all.

a hospital has it's own aura decorum. the medical staff here are really powerfull not obeying the rules, wich is one of the main building blocks of great morale here and the overall success rate here, where you are in a care of true proffesionals

I tried to contact them for several days!!!! I sent emails, I called to the reception and she redirected me to a wrong department. There they gave me another phone number but they don't pick up for 2 days!!!! Hopefully their emergency department works faster.

Unfortunately we had to visit Stomatochirurgic department on Sunday evening in emergency with our kettle nephew who had an accident and the tooth got broken. The nurse was very nice to us whilst we were filling up all the paperwork. Meanwhile doctor A. Ščerbová arrived and told us her opinion about the necessity to take out the tooth. We were worried to make the decision quickly and she was so nice and patient that didn’t mind to explain everything to our family friend (dentist) over the phone. Whilst the procedure started she was communicating with our nephew, explained him everything and shortly it was done. Really amazing experience and lovely professional, but still kind attitude of the nurse and the doctor. Thank you very much again!!! PS: there is massive car park with 50czk fee.

In May 2022, we urgently arrived from Kazakhstan to the clinic. It was necessary to install a drainage to remove bile from the liver. The condition was quite serious, bilirubin was more than 500 units. In Kazakhstan it was not possible to install drainage, it did not work. Ivan Mikhailovich Davydov did an excellent job with this complex operation, many thanks to him and the clinic for this. Excellent care, modern equipment, competent, experienced doctors.

At the beginning of August, I underwent a full check-up at the NACFF clinic. I really liked the clinic, the level of high professionalism of all the doctors. I especially want to express my gratitude to the therapist Pashayeva Zhavgar Magomedrasulovna. Despite her young age, Zhavgar Magomedrasulovna is a professional in her field and helps resolve all issues related to my health! A very sensitive and responsible specialist. Good luck, development and prosperity to the NACFF clinic!!!

A good clinic, competent doctors, I really liked Nelegach Tatyana Vladimirovna. Competent professional, patient and very polite. He tells everything on the shelves, a very pleasant person. I also liked the ultrasound specialists, the comfortable atmosphere. The neurologist who did the echocardiography of the heart is very charismatic and attentive. I didn’t really like the gynecologist, Khugaeva, the feeling that I consulted not with a doctor, but in the market) I don’t like gynecologists, it’s difficult for me to have examinations, my body twitches reflexively, that I can’t do anything about it and I have to endure through force. (And I already tried to endure as best I could and lie still) this is when you try to insert lenses into your eyes and the eyelids begin to close themselves. They did a screening of the cervix, I thought I would burn with shame, during the examination, constantly “well, why are you twitching, I don’t hurt, you are having sex, but what’s terrible” post-Soviet attitude entered the chat) inappropriate questions about earnings, etc. ) Most likely, as a specialist, she is really competent, she has gone through so many institutions in her practice, but her attitude towards patients should be improved. In general, the hospital is good, I recommend. Their only disadvantage is poor management, and untimely approval of preliminary plans and estimates. The price tag is adequate, but if you go through a check, prepare for the amount not 110,000, but from 130,000 (if you are about 20 years old) and from 250,000 if you are about 60. Passed 3 times checkup, me, husband and grandmother. And they did an operation to reduce the grandmother's breasts, we are waiting for the results) Doctors - 5 out of 5 Atmosphere - 5 out of 5 Management - 3 out of 5 Politeness - 5 out of 5 Patience - 4 out of 5 Value / quality - 4 out of 5

I would like to express my deep gratitude to the doctor of the Boboshko clinic, Alexander Vladimirovich, for the most complex heart surgery, Vladimir Grigorievich Volkov. Thank you very much for your professionalism!!! God bless you!!! Many thanks to all the staff who looked after him during the postoperative period! Special thanks to Dr. Natalya Valerievna Novikova! Her attitude towards patients is an example of sensitivity, responsibility, and high professionalism!! Sincerely, the family of Volkov V.G.

My relative is dying of cancer without treatment. She is either admitted to the clinic or sent home without starting treatment due to bureaucratic delays. A person counts every day, but apparently this is not as important as a new piece of paper, right?

Above all praise, specialists of the highest class, service personnel deserve the highest marks. There is order and goodwill in everything.

We turned to cardiologist Tselikova - she helped as if she were a relative - sympathetically, attentively, professionally at all stages. It is a rare feeling that every patient is extremely important. She involved other specialists, and Yu Govorova won her over with her rigor and responsible attention. Thanks to them and Hadassah! 🙏

I thank Kmet Viktor Igorevich for the delicately performed FEGDS procedure. I was afraid of endoscopy, did not want to swallow the endoscope, but the doctor paid extra attention to the preparation, taught me how to breathe correctly during the study, so I calmly agreed and followed all the doctor's instructions. During FEGDS, Viktor Igorevich distracted me, told me about what he saw. It really got me distracted. Thank you for the delicacy, tact, care and attention!

I operated on my mother at Hadassah in Skolkovo. All at the highest level! They diagnosed me in one day, scheduled surgery the next day, and discharged the next day. Everything is clear, you know the treatment plan and all upcoming expenses in advance. Very comfortably! The rooms are comfortable, like in a hotel. Beauty is all around. A person does not feel like he is in a hospital, which means he recovers faster. Many thanks to the team of doctors! True professionals and wonderful people. Thank you very much to the junior and nursing staff for your care. Mom felt like family here. Good luck in your business!

I would like to express my deep gratitude to the doctors of the traumatology.orthopedics clinic.for their sensitive attention.and care during.my stay.Starting from.the head.of.the.department.to.the.coordinator. Christina, the doctor who operated on Tkalin. Artem Nikolaevich, attending physician Mikhail Belash. Andreevich, Alekhan Andrey Nikolaevich. That's what people in their places mean. I bow to you for your hard work.

There are no complaints about the doctors. There are also no complaints about the conditions that I almost wrote about the content. But ! Administrators of this institution! Make sure that you don’t have one at checkout, at the checkout counter, at the register, or at the reception desk!!!! your specialist was rushing about, but at least half of the declared 13 windows were working! I completed the procedure faster than sitting in the queue at the reception at the cash desk! Again ? You have one employee working for you! One !

According to the profile of treatment, they were satisfied with the doctor and the attitude towards the patient. Nice and professional doctors. Ambiguous opinion about a paid hospital. 6600 rubles a room. Disgusting food. True, how can you feed "it"? Cold jelly soups made from some kind of pasta, with a hint of defrosted chicken meat, half-dried pies. The husband asked the clerk for lunch instead of soup for potatoes, she said that she had promised her to another ward))). For breakfast, kefir and orange))). A bathroom with a persistent smell of sewerage, which was not eliminated, even by pouring a product into it (from home, by the way). Each gesture of the staff and procedures is paid in addition to the cost of the ward. Free was only a thermometer at night)))). Well, in general .... having such prices for paid services and the state budget, the FNCC of the 90s and 2023 remained the same (with the exception of the new CDC). The same doors in the departments, the same shabby floors, the same stream in which to find a competent doctor is a lottery for a million. All good and health!

Knee replacement was performed. The operation was painful and complicated.. I was very pleased. High specialists, masters of their craft. Just wizards. And what else I liked was the attitude of the staff. The team is united and attentive. thank you for everything

On July 20, 2023, an operation to replace the left knee joint was performed. I would like to very much thank the entire operating team of doctors and nurses of Anesthesiology for their professionalism, sensitive attitude, attention to patients, and also say words of gratitude to the entire team at the trauma department of the hospital. Thank you very much. Good health to everyone

If I were to evaluate the surrounding area and the outside of the hospital at the moment, it looks like a battlefield in terms of repairs and modifications, but the hospital itself is more important 🏥, and I already evaluated it once and my evaluation has not changed, i.e. I will never allow it to go to the FN, great doctors and, of course, nurses, with whom my patients communicate first. Above-standard care, just great respect and admiration for me. Thanks to all the medical staff 👍💐👏👌

I want to thank one-day surgery for the care during elbow surgery,, 👍🏻,, the attitude of the doctors is great and the nurses are amazing,,💯💯💯,, nurse Michaela Bulínová is simply the best!!!,, thank you for everything,,♥️😍🤗,, I hope, that the review will reach her,,🙋🏻‍♀️😉👍🏻😃

On July 4th, emergency admission.. we come with our son (16 months), he was bleeding from the head after a fall at home. First comes the queue lady, very unpleasant, she didn't even know how to buzz... then we sit in the waiting room, wait for 2 hours - I'm reminded of a one-year-old child with a head injury! Even the staff (probably the medical brother) found it strange that they still didn't take us!! And finally a Ukrainian woman came, she knocked, and let them take her right away, that she has a stomach ache, and they? They took her because, after all, the glory of Ukraine.. a mockery of Czech citizens and especially children.. UK is always preferred🙏🏽 I only give 1 star because of the attentiveness of the gentleman. I DO NOT RECOMMEND!!! We called Mulac's hospital, and despite the fact that they only treat children from 3 years old, they told us to come if they would leave us waiting like that with such a small child!!

Ok

A real life saver!

I went there twice to get some treatment. Both of my problems were solved as quickly as possible and never bothered me again. Very professional staff. Not sure if they all speak good English, since I spoke Czech but they were trying hard to understand me, a foreigner.

I had to see a dermatologist with urgency, Dr. Boroczván Csilla was extremely thorough, attentious and kind. After living in the USA with great health insurances for a decade, I can confidently say I was surprised by the cleanliness and treatment here.

Vaccination center not that well organized. Located in crowded corridor.

Got there unconscious afte car incident. ER staff and all the doctors who dealt with me were very attentive, meticulous and pretty kind. It took more time than I'd prefer to spend there, but it all worth to

Very Good Hospital Equals With The Englands National Health Service.

If you're a foreigner without the local medical card/number you end up sent to emergency here. I had a sore throat for a week and no other doctor would see me, all pointed me here. I found it very difficult to navigate, having to ask people on footpaths for directions even to find the emergency building. Before entry a metal box building near the entrance had someone ask me questions then perform a covid test. When inside, with much language difficulty they sent me to the nose/ear/throat building. Again not easy to find. Here I was told off for using the ground level entrance, being directed down stairs to a door. When opening the door I was yelled at to wait. After waiting a while with others queued up, another person opens the door and gets let in. Several locals who arrived after me instantly jumped the queue. I asked how long the wait time was, they laughed and said "long". Asking if that meant over an hour they said yes more. I was fed up and left. Came back in the afternoon going other staff are there, the same people were there, they remembered me and my Hungarian friend said they were all saying that I must've not waited through the queue in the morning. They were not helpful in any way, instead all trying to prove to each other that they did their job correctly. I left again. Eventually with local help I found a nose/ear/throat specialist who does private consultations for cash. If you can, avoid this place.

Awful service, disrespectful staff who speak to patients in an extremely unprofessional and belittling manner (most of them anyway). At other healthcare clinics this kind of behaviour would result in termination of employment. Looks like in this clinic, unfortunately, this is the norm. We've visited at least 4 buildings at the clinic and we had the same awful experience at all of them. They send you from one building to the other and no one knows what's going on, wasting SO much of their patients time. On top of that it's very sad that their employees feel the need to power trip at patients. I understand they might not get paid too much, but still they should be respectful to others.

Not as professional and friendly as they promote, all about earning money from you or your insurance but with very little care or treatment. All year with appointments and specialist for cancer an tumours ,scan after scan but not any diagnosis or treatment and suffering with swollen eye, colour change, nose and cheek burning pain and insane pressure on head and face but still no help , even though colour change on scan for my rights side of brain , cyst inside my face and gigantic problem at the back of my head and they say no problem and haven’t operated or treated. I hope I’m not dying but still don’t have any diagnosis or confirmation of anything.Now thinking I need to go to another country for help ? Wouldn’t recommend to nobody?? They won’t do anything about these reviews and even give the same answer to each person.

Avoid this hospital! I had to visit the hospital because of a sinus infection, but was rushed into several entirely useless procedures just to hike up the bill. The whole experience was horrible with unfriendly and rude staff. However, the worst part was that a nurse stole 340 euros from my purse in my handbag that I left in the examination room with the nurse when I was pushed into a toilet for another useless test. The hospital operations reeks of scamming people in every possible way. Despicable behaviour preying on people in a vulnerable situation.

Avoid this hospital My husband was admitted to this hospital in 2021, 2022 and 2 days ago. In 2021 I visited him on a Sunday, and he was on the floor (with a broken leg) trying to get onto the sofa, to get out of the window as he was hallucinating. He was on the second floor! The window was then closed and locked but no-one had noticed my husband on the floor, which is a worry. I then had to push for a brain scan, which, according to Xanit showed nothing abnormal. He has now been diagnosed with dementia at Guadalhorce hospital, so I chose to go private again to make things happen faster. We saw a neurologist at Xanit who said he should be hospitalised. When we arrived at the hospital it took over 20 minutes to park as the car park was full, then when we got to reception there were almost 35 people in front of us. We were over an hour late to get to our appointment and then the computers went down!!! We had to go down to Urgencias to be admitted. They told me he had to go to a hospital in Malaga. I then had to go back to the neurologist, as Urgencias refused to call him, and he told them to admit my husband. There was an amazing lack of communication, and the girl who was in triage was basically rude. We were then subjected to a 2/3 hour wait, then taken to a surgical ward where the nurses all moaned about the fact he was being taken into this hospital. I speak and understand Spanish so was very aware of the things being said and I am absolutely horrified at how we were treated. He was hospitalised on Wednesday, and we were told he would get an MRI and CT scan. My husband was aggressive, and I was told I had to stay with him 24/7. This is not why I’m paying private health insurance. I was told there are insufficient nurses to deal with all the patients they have, so I had to stay. The MRI and CT scan didn’t happen as the machine had broken down!!! My husband was very agitated, and the neurologist and I agreed he would be better at home. Therefore, we had to make an appointment for the MRI and CT scan (29th November) I waited over an hour to make this appointment, while my husband was in his hospital room. There were 6 people in front of me, and one person in reception, who decided to deal with people who jumped the queue and one friend (I think Fran was his name). Reception staff are awful and provide terrible customer service. They wander away on their phones when they feel like it and don’t appreciate that people visiting the hospital may be dealing with life and death situations. They are abysmal and need training. I see from these reviews this has been going on for over a year, so I’m not sure if my comments will make any difference at all. Absolutely shocking service. On a brighter note, when you actually get to see a specialist, they are amazing.

FOR FOREIGNERS I had the worst experience at this hospital emergency yesterday. Over 5 hours i waited with 38 degrees fever and pain. The people working at the hospital especially the doctor with her assistant were super racist to me! Whenever i ask for help or try to understand why is the numbers always going with wrong order they didnt give me a proper answer instead they were being super racist and rude to me also they push me to the corridor. I paid around 80 euros because they didnt accept my insurance and it is said to me all doctors can speak in English because it has a foreign department but the doctor forced me to use google translate with a loud voice. They were reprimanding me as if im a kid. This hospital is a huge disaster the woman doctor who is taking care with me was a horrible doctor i had to go back to my country for getting a better health service and she misdiagnosed, not surprised because she didnt even ask for any analysis…Thank god im so much better after the correct medications. If you are tourist please for your own health do NOT visit this hospital…

Shocked at the rude behavior of the staff! They kept calling out the wrong ticket number, and then came out and shouted at me for not responding. Talked down at me and made me feel guilty and ashamed for coming in for an urgent prescription that I needed which, apparently, is a "non-emergency," after I willingly waited for over 4 hours. But I'm not registered with a gp yet because of a complicated situation, which they wouldn't care to understand. Moreover they charge you 90 kc in spite of having Czech health insurance. One of the doctors even loudly demanded that I show her the receipt (proof of payment) first and foremost! Had really expected much better than this!

Leaving review for Orto Ambulanci FNM. As a person who pays 100s of 1000s in taxes and have VZP insurance I’m shoked w a quality of service Czech medicine can offer. waited in the queue for 4+ hours for a simple check up, never got in and left. wow, here is a well deserved 1 star.

Its been almost 2 years I regularly visit several specialists. Very professional and emphatic doctors! During CT scan procedures after talking to the attentive assistants I feel more secure and less scared. Thanks!

You should dying already before they take care of anything. Not taking anything serious at all

Best Hospital in the Brussels region, friendly staff, great doctors and all multi-lingual