Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treatment in 703 Cardiac surgery clinics worldwide

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703 clinics specializing in Cardiac surgery providing treatment of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect where the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta in a fetus, fails to close after birth. It can lead to abnormal blood flow and strain on the heart.
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disease worldwide.

Africa · 6
Americas · 171
Asia · 242
Europe · 254
Oceania · 30
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Africa · 6 Americas · 171 Asia · 242 Europe · 254 Oceania · 30
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Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in children
    ≈ $17,694
  2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $10,236
  3. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $11,983
  4. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $11,089
  5. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $20,725
  6. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $26,983
  7. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $32,230
  8. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $28,943
  9. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $30,724
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Bangkok, Thailand
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Amharic, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese, English, Japanese, Khmer, Korean, Russian, Vietnamese
Vejthani Hospital, established in 1994, is one of the leading private international hospitals in Thailand that provides JCI accredited quaternary health care services. Cutting-edge medical read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in children
    ≈ $25,082
  2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $12,992
  3. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $18,467
  4. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $12,480
  5. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $16,950
  6. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $38,084
  7. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $20,690
  8. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $38,257
  9. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $38,494
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Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Arabic, English
Patient satisfaction is of paramount importance to us at RAK Hospital. Since our inception in 2007, we have strived to provide effective treatments and every read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $19,999
  2. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $18,768
  3. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $39,190
  4. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $35,744
  5. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $39,856
  6. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $32,624
  7. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $73,160
  8. Permanent pacemaker implantation
    ≈ $15,426
  9. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
    ≈ $29,928
photo
Bendigo, Australia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Bendigo Health is a leading regional health service, with around 4000 staff and a catchment area covering a quarter of the size of Victoria. The read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $5,441
  2. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $1,485
  3. Percutaneous ASD closure
    ≈ $5,259
  4. Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    ≈ $6,340
  5. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent insertion
    ≈ $2,824
  6. Rashkind procedure
    ≈ $4,936
  7. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with angioplasty
    ≈ $3,729
  8. Fractional flow reserve (FFR)
    ≈ $610
  9. Rotational atherectomy
    ≈ $856
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Budapest, Hungary
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
The Uzsoki Utcai Hospital operates at 3 sites with 17 healing and 4 diagnostic departments and numerous departments: ophthalmology, surgery, gynecology-obstetrics, otolaryngology, orthopedics-traumatology, urology, neurology, read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $15,179
  2. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $34,364
  3. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $39,904
  4. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $39,190
  5. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $35,744
  6. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $39,856
  7. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $32,624
  8. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $73,160
  9. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB)
    ≈ $17,828
photo
Camperdown, Australia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Portuguese, Russian, Turkish
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital is one of Australia's premier tertiary referral hospitals and is recognised as a worldwide leader in healthcare excellence and innovation. RPA read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $3,565
  2. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $5,401
  3. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $6,359
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $11,900
  5. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $12,639
  6. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $11,700
  7. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $15,788
  8. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $25,790
  9. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $19,420
photo
Bogota, Colombia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
We are a new model of comprehensive health care, backed by a differential human team that works together with the best quality and comfort standards read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $10,146
  2. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $26,811
  3. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $15,155
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $39,118
  5. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $51,210
  6. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $42,070
  7. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $49,710
  8. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $39,415
  9. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $33,834
photo
Winnipeg, Canada
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Oncology
St. Boniface Hospital has been providing leadership in health care on behalf of Manitobans since it was first established by the Grey Nuns in 1871.The read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $1,514
  2. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $874
  3. Percutaneous ASD closure
    ≈ $2,576
  4. Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    ≈ $2,650
  5. Left atrial appendage occlusion
    ≈ $5,780
  6. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $1,066
  7. Coil embolization of intracardiac shunts and fistulas
    ≈ $2,169
  8. Balloon angioplasty and stenting of aorta coarctation
    ≈ $3,199
  9. Rashkind procedure
    ≈ $2,530
photo
Moscow, Russia
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Spine surgery, Oncology
City Clinical Hospital named after S.I. Spasokukotsky is one of the largest multidisciplinary medical institutions in Moscow. Annually more than 50,000 patients from all over read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in children
    ≈ $10,254
  2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $6,315
  3. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $14,000
  4. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $15,034
  5. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $17,300
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $8,000
  7. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $8,000
  8. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $17,848
  9. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $34,234
photo
Istanbul, Turkey
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: Albanian, Arabic, Bulgarian, English, French, Georgian, Romanian, Russian
The 21-storey hospital with 62.500 sqm of closed area has a smart building system that instantly responds to any problem inside the building. It also read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $4,398
  2. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $7,463
  3. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $9,617
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $33,028
  5. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $21,911
  6. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $41,451
  7. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $31,521
  8. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $35,474
  9. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $27,347
photo
Paris, France
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, French
Located south of Paris (14th arrondissement), right behind the Montsouris Park, the Institut Mutualiste Montsouris (IMM) is a multidisciplinary hospital well known for its medical read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $4,535
  2. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $3,000
  3. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $4,216
  4. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $6,750
  5. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $4,845
  6. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $10,125
  7. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $13,867
  8. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $7,383
  9. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $9,290
photo
Mumbai, India
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
The Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre is one of the oldest tertiary care, multi-specialty Trust hospitals in the country. In the late 60s, when the read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $40,716
  2. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $125,000
  3. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $79,426
  4. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $90,550
  5. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $89,173
  6. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $137,000
  7. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $35,000
  8. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $88,000
  9. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent insertion
    ≈ $39,011
photo
Mayfield Heights, United States
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Hillcrest Hospital opened on November 23, 1968, in Mayfield to meet the healthcare needs of rapidly growing east side communities. There were 237 beds and read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $5,441
  2. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $1,485
  3. Percutaneous ASD closure
    ≈ $5,259
  4. Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    ≈ $6,340
  5. Balloon angioplasty and stenting of aorta coarctation
    ≈ $5,869
  6. Rashkind procedure
    ≈ $4,936
  7. Pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy
    ≈ $6,609
  8. Left atrial appendage occlusion
    ≈ $6,109
  9. Intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) procedure
    ≈ $1,709
photo
Győr, Hungary
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Petz Aladár County University Hospital in Gyor is one of the largest in Hungary, and it is our designated hospital for specialty care. It read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in children
    ≈ $4,370
  2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $2,043
  3. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $825
  4. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $4,140
  5. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $2,474
  6. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $7,639
  7. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $13,708
  8. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $11,348
  9. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $957
photo
Hanoi, Vietnam
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Languages: English, French, Japanese, Korean
Vinmec Times City International Hospital is the first hospital in the Vinmec Health System chain to be put into operation. Located in the most modern read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $26,774
  2. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $20,075
  3. Permanent pacemaker implantation
    ≈ $18,620
  4. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
    ≈ $61,149
  5. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $6,418
  6. Percutaneous ASD closure
    ≈ $20,764
  7. Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    ≈ $29,817
  8. Coronary catheterization
    $1,262
  9. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent insertion
    ≈ $24,420
photo
Helsinki, Finland
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery
Languages: English, Russian
Helsinki Heart Hospital performs basic heart examinations and outpatient procedures, such as cardiac angiography, angioplasty and defibrillation. In Helsinki there is also a clinic offering read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $4,535
  2. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $4,216
  3. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $6,750
  4. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $4,845
  5. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $10,125
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $13,867
  7. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $7,383
  8. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $9,290
  9. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $23,271
photo
Indore, India
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Our multi-super specialty hospital in Indore brings the highest quality of medical services to central India. The 175-bed facility is an extension of the flagship read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $26,774
  2. Dual chamber pacemaker insertion
    ≈ $20,075
  3. Permanent pacemaker implantation
    ≈ $18,620
  4. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
    ≈ $61,149
  5. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $6,418
  6. Percutaneous ASD closure
    ≈ $20,764
  7. Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    ≈ $29,817
  8. Coronary catheterization
    $1,395
  9. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent insertion
    ≈ $24,420
photo
Jyväskylä, Finland
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery
Our services include outpatient clinic, cardiac monitoring (G2), cardiac procedure department (H2) and cardiac procedure rooms, and cardiac department (C6). Nova Heart Hospital operates in read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $3,781
  2. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $3,968
  3. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $7,950
  4. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $9,140
  5. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $8,035
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $8,494
  7. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $8,710
  8. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $7,744
  9. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $16,398
photo
São Paulo, Brazil
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
A new hospital, but with history Rede Americas, a reference in hospital care group in Brazil, launches another excellent hospital in São Paulo, Samaritano Paulista read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $2,614
  2. Cardiac catheterization
    ≈ $807
  3. Percutaneous ASD closure
    ≈ $3,068
  4. Percutaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD)
    ≈ $3,361
  5. Coronary catheterization
    ≈ $685
  6. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent insertion
    ≈ $3,111
  7. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with angioplasty
    ≈ $2,187
  8. Fractional flow reserve (FFR)
    ≈ $451
  9. Rotational atherectomy
    ≈ $800
photo
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Here, patients receive genuine care and comfort from experienced staff in pleasant, comfortable surroundings. You can relax, knowing that you are being looked after by read more
Prices for popular procedures:
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open heart surgery in adults
    ≈ $18,938
  2. Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in adults
    ≈ $25,674
  3. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
    ≈ $72,276
  4. Off-pump coronary artery bypass
    ≈ $66,185
  5. Heart valve replacement
    ≈ $86,526
  6. Heart valve repair
    ≈ $76,952
  7. Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
    ≈ $86,010
  8. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)
    ≈ $71,816
  9. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
    ≈ $124,959
photo
Basel, Switzerland
Specializations: Cardiac surgery, Vascular surgery, Thoracic surgery, Neurosurgery, Spine surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Oncology
Here at the University Hospital Basel you can expect a wide range of world-class medical services. Every year, patients from Switzerland and beyond benefit from read more

Clinics grouping by rating

Clinic with the highest rating of 5 — Clinical Hospital Lapino in Moscow, Russia and 5 more, clinic with the most reviews number of 35612 — Aster CMI hospital in Bengaluru, India.

With rating 4.0 and over — 256 clinics .

Countries with the highest number of clinics treating the diseases:

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA):

Related procedures:

Patent ductus arteriosus - disease overview

Patent ductus arteriosus - features of the course and diagnosis of the disease, its classification and treatment

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition in which blood flows between the aorta and the pulmonary artery after the baby is born. Why it is dangerous, how is an open ductus arteriosus diagnosed and whether it can appear in adults, we will discuss below.

Disease prevalence and risk groups

Patent ductus arteriosus is one of the most common congenital heart defects. Premature babies are at greatest risk. So, according to statistics, a similar condition is diagnosed in about 2/3 of children with a birth weight of less than 1000 grams. In small patients, who weigh from 1000 to 1500 grams, pathology is less common: in about a third. If a baby weighs about 1500-1750 grams at birth, the risk of PDA not clogging is about 15%.

A short excursion into blood circulation and the structure of the heart

Before considering the features of hemodynamics with a defect in the arterial duct (more precisely, its overgrowth), it is necessary to understand how the heart works and what the large and small circles of blood circulation are. The heart is an organ whose main task is to pump blood throughout the body. In humans, it consists of two atria and two ventricles.

The systemic circulation originates from the left ventricle, then the blood is directed to the aorta and through its branches and smaller vessels reaches absolutely all organs and tissues in the human body. From the latter, it collects through the veins and enters the right atrium. Further, the blood flow follows into the right ventricle, which is the beginning of the pulmonary circulation. The blood is directed into the pulmonary veins, then into the lung tissue and, saturated with oxygen, enters the left atrium through the pulmonary arteries.

Fetal circulation has its own characteristics. In particular, blood can circulate through the so-called Botall (arterial) duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. In this case, blood from different circles of blood circulation is mixed. For the fetus, this is a natural state and does not pose any threat, since it receives oxygen from the mother's blood and does not yet use the lungs for breathing. Conversely, during intrauterine development, the ductus arteriosus improves circulation by directing blood directly to the aorta.

In full-term newborns, the ductus arteriosus closes during the first day of life. This is facilitated by an increase in the level of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the concentration of prostaglandins. In premature infants, the closure process lasts longer due to a decrease in the sensitivity of the artery tissue to oxygen (at the same time, there is an increased sensitivity to prostaglandins).

Thus, it is not entirely correct to talk about the causes of defects in the ductus arteriosus. This situation is also observed in the classification of the disease: it is impossible to indicate "types of defects in the arterial duct." The scientific literature provides a classification of PDA overgrowth defects.

Classification of PDA overgrowth defects

Clinically, the symptoms of this defect depend on its size, which can be:

  1. small - without overloading the left ventricle, with normal pressure in the lungs;
  2. middle - with a dominant overload of the left ventricle; the latter can be structurally preserved or damaged;
  3. middle - with a dominant overload of the right ventricle, which can turn into right ventricular failure;
  4. large - with severe overload of the heart and Eisenmenger's syndrome.

Eisenmenger syndrome is a long-term complication of congenital heart disease. Its manifestations can be:

  • bluish or grayish skin color (cyanosis);
  • large, rounded fingernails or toenails (drumstick symptom);
  • fatigue and shortness of breath during activity;
  • shortness of breath at rest;
  • chest pain or tightness;
  • cardiopalmus;
  • dizziness or fainting;
  • hemoptysis;
  • numbness or tingling in your fingers or toes;
  • headache.

The following symptoms may be common to all types of pathology:

  • systolic murmur (less often - systolic-diastolic), which is heard in the second intercostal space on the left and under the left scapula;
  • increased heart rate;
  • lowering blood pressure;
  • breathing disorders.

Often in patients, disorders with a defect in the arterial duct of small size may not have any manifestations. For this reason, pathology often remains undiagnosed.

In some cases, symptoms may appear several years later due to the prolonged increase in blood flow to the lungs.

How does the pathological process develop in this disease?

In PDA, a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance after birth causes an increase in blood flow to the lungs. This causes pulmonary hypertension and leads to alveolar and interstitial pulmonary edema reducing the elasticity of the lung tissue. The consequence of this is a violation of blood oxygenation (oxygen saturation), which can ultimately lead to the development of chronic lung disease.

Organ hypoperfusion (insufficient flow of oxygenated blood) is associated with the risk of a new pathology or worsening of an existing one (for example, renal failure or myocardial ischemia), especially in premature infants weighing less than 1500 grams.

Can there be PDA in adults?

Yes, this type of defect can occur in adults, but it is very rare. It should be noted that the disease is only congenital. This means that a person has it already from birth and cannot arise after it. In most cases of PDA in adults, the duct size ranges from small to medium. Symptoms of the disease include shortness of breath and heart palpitations. The patient also has a high risk of bacterial endocarditis (damage to the inner layer of the heart), enlargement of the heart (cardiomyopathy), pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs), chronic heart failure, and death.

Diagnosis of the disease

When diagnosing an open ductus arteriosus, the doctor uses the following laboratory and instrumental methods:

  • X-ray (with its help, an enlargement of the heart, or cardiomyopathy, increased pulmonary blood flow and an increase in the root of the lung can be detected);
  • electrocardiography (ECG) - visualizes blood flow through pathological pathways, as well as the size of the heart, its chambers and large vessels;
  • echocardiography (ECHO-KG) - with a small size of the patent ductus arteriosus, it may not reveal any abnormalities; in more severe cases, there will be signs of an increase in the left ventricle and atrium;
  • computed and magnetic resonance imaging (CT and MRI) - allow visualization of the defect, including the ductus arteriosus itself (MRI is indicated for volumetric assessment of the heart chambers; both methods accurately illustrate the anatomy of the defect);
  • cardiac catheterization - performed very rarely, usually to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance;
  • blood pressure control;
  • monitoring of saturation (oxygen concentration in the patient's blood).

Diagnosis criteria

Diagnosis is by physical examination and echocardiography (also MRI and CT in doubtful cases).

Differential diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus is carried out with other congenital heart defects:

  • aorto-pulmonary window;
  • anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (AOLKA, or Bland – White – Garland syndrome);
  • pulmonary fistula;
  • fistula of the coronary artery and heart cavities;
  • rupture of the Valsalva sinus aneurysm.

Management of patients with PDA

In the treatment of children with this pathology following therapy is used:

  • symptomatic therapy of respiratory insufficiency and blood circulation (for example, connecting a child to a ventilator);
  • limiting the flow of fluid into the body, the use of diuretics;
  • oxygen therapy;
  • correction of anemia;
  • indomethacin (contraindicated for patients with renal failure, decreased platelet count, pathology of the blood coagulation system, necrotizing enterocolitis and fresh bleeding);
  • surgical intervention.

The latter has the following indications for implementation:

  • circulatory insufficiency not amenable to conservative therapy;
  • ineffective therapy with indomethacin;
  • patent ductus arteriosus in a child over one year old.

An important reason to close a PDA is not only to combat the symptoms of the disease, but also to prevent conditions such as bacterial endocarditis (damage to the inner layer of the heart) and blood vessel infections.

Thus, PDA is a congenital disease that can have varying degrees of severity: from asymptomatic to Eisenmenger's syndrome. Premature babies are most susceptible to this pathology. Moreover, the mass of such a child at birth is inversely proportional to the probability of having a PDA. Treatment of the disease can be both conservative and prompt. If untreated, severe cardiovascular and infectious complications can occur.

References:

  1. Harrison`s Principles of Internal Medicine 19/E (Vol.1). Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauseret all. McGraw-HillEducation 2015 ISBN: 0071802134 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780071802130.
  2. Interna szczeklika - duży podręcznik. Medycyna praktyczna. 2021. ISBN 9788374306522.
  3. Pediatria do LEK i PES. Anna Dobrzańska, Józef Ryżko. 2018. ISBN: 978-83-7609-855-5.